{
  "abstract": "We study the formation and evolution of the cosmic large-scale structure (LSS) in a scalar-tensor Horndeski theory of gravity without dark matter. We impose that this theory reduces to Refracted Gravity (RG) in the weak-field limit. RG is a non-relativistic theory where the gravitational permittivity $ε(ρ)$, with $ρ$ the baryonic matter density, provides the gravitational boost required to describe both the dynamics of galaxies and galaxy clusters without dark matter. We show that $ε(ρ)$ equals the function $G_4(φ)$ of the scalar field $φ$ of our Horndeski model. The background evolution of a flat, matter-dominated, homogeneous and isotropic universe shows that $φ$ is also responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe and that the model is capable of reproducing the observed redshift evolution of the Hubble-Lemaître parameter. We finally develop the linear perturbation theory and study the growth factor equation. The model fails to correctly describe the LSS by predicting a late onset of the formation of cosmic structure at redshift $z\\lesssim 1$.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2611.05112",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Lorenzo Gervani"
    },
    {
      "name": "Antonaldo Diaferio"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francesco Pace"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/563q3898dbvdd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2611.05112",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "563q3898dbvdd",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.05112",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.CO"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2611.05112",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/563q3898dbvdd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:21:25Z",
      "native_id": "2611.05112",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.05112"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.CO",
      "subfield": "cosmology"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Linear perturbation theory and structure formation in a Horndeski theory of gravity without dark matter",
  "title_text": "Linear perturbation theory and structure formation in a Horndeski theory of gravity without dark matter",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T15:21:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/563q3898dbvdd",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}