{
  "abstract": "High-energy-density Li-ion batteries demand highly graphitized graphite anodes, yet elevated graphitization inevitably amplifies structural anisotropy, obstructing Li+ intercalation and compromising rate capability. To resolve this trilemma, we establish a precursor–structure–performance framework for pitch-based artificial graphites, revealing that this performance trade-off is governed by impurity content, ordered domains, and micropores: low-impurity precursors facilitate crystallite growth along the c-axis to realize high graphitization; ordered domains promote in-plane crystallite growth; and intrinsic micropores restrain excessive in-plane crystallite enlargement, lowering the orientation index and maintaining structural isotropy. Purified coal-based needle coke emerges as the optimal matrix, featuring a high graphitization degree of 94.89% alongside a moderate orientation index of 10.25. A resin-derived hard-carbon coating, with markedly higher disorder than its pitch-derived counterpart, is applied to construct an isotropic core–shell architecture (AG-R). The disordered surface layer acts as a Li+ transfer station, preserving low-rate capacity while boosting the Li+ diffusion coefficient by ~2.2-fold. In 2.5 Ah 18,650 full cells, AG-R achieves an energy density exceeding 430 Wh kg−1 (based on the total active material mass), retains 92.3% capacity at 10 C discharge and 81.6% at 3 C charge, and sustains over 80% capacity retention after 4600 cycles at 1 C. This work validates that precursor-directed bulk isotropy regulation, coupled with surface disordering engineering, offers a viable pathway toward fast-charging, high-energy graphite anodes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang 330099, China",
    "Yaohu Honors College, Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Nanchang 330099, China",
    "Sunrise (Guizhou) New Energy Materials Co., Ltd., Xingyi 562409, China",
    "Shanggao County Long Time Technology Co., Ltd., Yichun 336400, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bing Kang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Siqi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liekai Liu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0748-5947"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wenliang Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Keju Ding"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yongcheng Zou"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56dp9aqdmecaq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/batteries12100422",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "56dp9aqdmecaq",
  "issns": [
    "2313-0105"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/10/422",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Advancements in Battery Materials"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221632230",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56dp9aqdmecaq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:47Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/batteries12100422",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/10/422"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2313-0105",
      "subfield": "electrochemistry-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Breaking the Graphite Trilemma: An Isotropic Core–Shell Anode for High-Energy and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries",
  "title_text": "Breaking the Graphite Trilemma: An Isotropic Core–Shell Anode for High-Energy and Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:47Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56dp9aqdmecaq",
  "venue": "Batteries",
  "versions": []
}