{ "abstract": "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The treatment landscape for early and locally advanced NSCLC changed considerably between 2019 and 2021. However, there are currently limited data available to inform optimal timing, sequencing, and combinations of different treatment modalities for early-stage NSCLC in China. Therefore, we conducted a real-world study of patients with stage IB-IIIC NSCLC in China to characterize treatment patterns and identify practice gaps. This retrospective, observational study was conducted at 10 sites across China in adults with newly diagnosed stage IB-IIIC NSCLC between January 01, 2019, and December 31, 2021 (identification period). The observation period was from treatment initiation to June 30, 2023. The primary outcomes included descriptions of treatment patterns by initial treatment modalities. Patients (n=1,000) were mostly male (69.6%) with a mean age of 60.4 years, current/former smokers (52.9%), had non-squamous cell carcinoma (64.0%), and clinical stage III disease (54.8%). Among the 281 patients who received epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) testing, including 185 during surgery, EGFR mutations were identified in 174 cases (exon 21 L858R 47.7%; exon 19 deletion 33.3%). Of the 761 patients who underwent surgery (R0 resection 96.2%; lobectomy 83.6%), most received surgery plus systemic therapy (74.0%), primarily adjuvant treatment (79.6%). The rate of non-surgical treatments increased with initial clinical stage. Of the 239 patients not undergoing surgery, 78.2% received systemic therapy alone and 21.8% radiotherapy plus systemic therapy [concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT): 25.5%; sequential chemoradiotherapy (sCRT): 74.5%; immunotherapy consolidation: 26.9%]. Among the 600 patients who underwent surgery plus systemic therapy, 9.7% received neoadjuvant only, 79.7% adjuvant only, and 10.6% perioperative treatment, and the median real-world time on treatment (rwToT) was 2.1, 8.5, and 10.1 months, respectively. This study provides a reference for real-world treatment patterns for stage IB-IIIC NSCLC during the early immunotherapy period of treatment landscape change in China.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.", "Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.", "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.", "Department of Thoracic Surgery, He'nan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.", "Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.", "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China.", "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan, China.", "Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.", "Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.", "Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.", "Value & Implementation, MSD China, Shanghai, China.", "State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China." ], "article_type": "research article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 15, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Hua Zhong" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Shi Yan" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Jian Zeng" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Yufeng Ba" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Jiandong Mei" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Daqiang Sun" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Xiangning Fu" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "Wenhua Liang" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Junke Fu" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "Kangsheng Gu" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Suijun Xiao" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Modan Li" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Lu Zheng" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Shu Peng" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Nan Wu" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56nq9q21yytkm.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.21037/tlcr-2026-0932", "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743447", "id": "56nq9q21yytkm", "issns": [ "2218-6751", "2226-4477" ], "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999634", "language": "eng", "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND", "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2740|Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment" ] ], "openalex": "W7223858015", "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743447?pdf=render", "pmcid": "PMC13743447", "pmid": "42999634", "published": "2026-10-26", "publisher": null, "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56nq9q21yytkm.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z", "native_id": "MED:42999634", "source": "europepmc", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999634" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "medicine", "origin": "journal-openalex:2730|Lung Cancer Research Studies", "subfield": "oncology" } ], "title": "Real-world treatment patterns in stage IB-IIIC non-small cell lung cancer in China: the KEY-RAISE study.", "title_text": "Real-world treatment patterns in stage IB-IIIC non-small cell lung cancer in China: the KEY-RAISE study.", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-10T03:20:49Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56nq9q21yytkm", "venue": "Translational lung cancer research", "versions": [] }