{
  "abstract": "This study assesses the robustness of the climate classification proposed by Joly et al. (2010) in the context of climate changes observed in France between 1961 and 2020. Using SAFRAN reanalysis data, we applied this climate typology to an 8km grid, whereas the original classification was based on interpolated observations at a 250m resolution. We tested two classification methods: a Naïve Bayes model, similar to that used in the original study, and a Random Forest model, which is better suited to capturing complex interactions among climate variables. Our results show that the Random Forest model reproduces the Joly et al. (2010) classification applied to SAFRAN data much more accurately, achieving an overall accuracy of 95%, compared with 23.7% for the Naïve Bayes model. This result indicates the greater robustness of the Random Forest approach to changes in both spatial resolution and data source. The analysis of four successive climate normals (1961-1990, 1971-2000, 1981-2010 and 1991-2020) reveals several major climate dynamics. Between the first and last reference periods, mean annual temperature increased by 0.9°C, reflecting the ongoing warming trend, with particularly pronounced increases in southern and eastern France. Oceanic influence strengthened in the northwestern part of the country, contributing to reduced seasonal temperature contrasts and higher annual precipitation. At the same time, Mediterranean climate characteristics expanded, particularly along the Rhône Valley, in Languedoc and in Corsica, accompanied by a marked increase in the frequency of very hot days and shifts in precipitation seasonality. These findings indicate that the Joly et al. (2010) classification remains broadly relevant for characterizing climate types in France. However, transitional areas, particularly those in semi-continental and Mediterranean regions, appear to be the most sensitive to ongoing climatic changes. As such, they provide valuable indicators of the progressive reorganization of climate types under recent climate change.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Mohamed Hilal"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel Joly"
    },
    {
      "name": "Léa Laurent"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yves Richard"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56wb1k1jkfgfs.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": null,
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "56wb1k1jkfgfs",
  "issns": [
    "1278-3366"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05800885v1",
  "language": "fr",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sde"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.shs"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05800885/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "UMR 8504 Géographie-cités",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56wb1k1jkfgfs.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:57Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05800885",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05800885v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "hal:0.sde",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Robustness and evolution of climate types in France between 1961 and 2020",
  "title_text": "Robustness and evolution of climate types in France between 1961 and 2020",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56wb1k1jkfgfs",
  "venue": "Cybergeo : Revue européenne de géographie / European journal of geography",
  "versions": []
}