{
  "abstract": "This exploratory study assessed the procedural feasibility of in‑bore, real‑time magnetic resonance (MR)‑guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation (IRE) using a clinical 1.5-T system in a porcine model. Three healthy anesthetized juvenile swine underwent IRE in normal renal tissue using a prototype pulse generator and MR-conditional coaxial cannula as electrodes. One swine was ablated twice in the same kidney, resulting in statistically non-independent data. The procedure was guided by a balanced steady-state free precession sequence with orthogonal slices and intermittent position verifications using a radial three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence. Preprocedure radiofrequency noise and signal-to-noise ratio measurements showed slightly increased noise levels in generator standby mode without apparent imaging artifacts. Median procedure time was 48 min with an interquartile range of 17 min. Four hours post-procedure, the treatment zone appeared T1-hypointense in delayed contrast-enhanced imaging. For one treatment zone, hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E), fluorescent terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining (TUNEL), and coregistration to MR imaging were performed. H&E showed minor hemorrhaging at the site of electrode insertion. TUNEL demonstrated a strong TUNEL-positive signal correlating with the T1-hypointense signal in delayed contrast-enhanced imaging, with a Dice-Sørensen coefficient of 67%. These findings demonstrate the procedural feasibility of MR-guided percutaneous IRE in clinical 1.5-T MR systems.\n\nKey Points: Question Can MR-guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation be performed in a porcine model despite the lack of MR-compliant devices?\n\nFindings In four irreversible electroporation procedures in three juvenile pigs, electrodes were successfully placed in the kidney using real-time guidance in a clinical 1.5-T scanner.\n\nRelevance statement Real-time MR-guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation is procedurally feasible in a clinical 1.5-T MRI environment, while preserving image quality and enabling arbitrary slice positioning. Further research is required to confirm the reproducibility and enable the translation to oncological applications.\n\nGraphical Abstract:",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany",
    "Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-Hahn-Str. 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany",
    "Institute for Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany",
    "Institute for Information Technology and Communications, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany",
    "Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany",
    "Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany",
    "Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany",
    "Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
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        0,
        1
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      "name": "Othmar Belker",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-3210-7756"
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      "name": "Simon Schröer"
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        2
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      "name": "Thomas Gerlach"
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      "name": "Max Joris Hubmann"
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        1
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      "name": "Daniel Düx"
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    {
      "affs": [
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      "name": "Marcel Eisenmann"
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    {
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        4
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      "name": "Christoph Fritsch"
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      "name": "Julian Glandorf"
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      "name": "Seben Sena Yerdelen"
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      "name": "Inga Bruesch"
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      "name": "Björn Hartleben"
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      "name": "Sahar Arbabzadah"
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      "name": "Jörg Mengwasser"
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      "name": "Philipp Felgendreff"
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    {
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        2
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      "name": "Georg Rose"
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    {
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      "name": "Frank Wacker"
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    {
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        1
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      "name": "Marcel Gutberlet"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bennet Hensen"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56xhe49crd02e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s41747-026-00838-4",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731591/",
  "id": "56xhe49crd02e",
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  "language": "en",
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  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
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  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
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  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
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      "1305|Microbial Inactivation Methods"
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  "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s41747-026-00838-4.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731591",
  "pmid": "42975837",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "Springer",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56xhe49crd02e.ris",
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  "subjects": [
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      "origin": "openalex:1305|Microbial Inactivation Methods",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
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  ],
  "title": "Feasibility of real-time 1.5-T MR-guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation in a porcine model",
  "title_text": "Feasibility of real-time 1.5-T MR-guided percutaneous irreversible electroporation in a porcine model",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/56xhe49crd02e",
  "venue": "European Radiology Experimental",
  "versions": []
}