{
  "abstract": "The photothermal properties of MXenes originate from the localized surface plasmon resonance, which is attributed to their high free electron concentration. However, their intrinsic electron concentration is limited by suboptimal d-orbital occupancy and the electron-withdrawing effect from electronegative terminations. Herein, we report a sodium-mediated surface reduction strategy in molten salts, which optimizes the surface coordination environment via electronic modulation to mitigate the electron-withdrawing and electron-scattering effects, while simultaneously injecting electrons into the Ti-3d states for controlled state filling. This dual modulation enables the free electron concentration, carrier mobility, and electrical conductivity to reach 4.92, 2.63, and 12.96 times that of the pristine MXene, respectively. The optimized reduced Ti 3 C 2 achieves a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 91.66% under 808-nanometer laser irradiation. A photothermal antibacterial woundplast with ultralow MXene content demonstrates a high bacterial kill rate. This work not only shows an effective method for tuning the photothermal properties of MXenes but also inspires applications that require tailored surface chemistry and high electron concentration.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health Research Centre (COCHE), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China",
    "Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedicine, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China",
    "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Haoming Ding",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-1838-9374"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiao Tong",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-5696-2532"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yong Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9760-684X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/574tjk8ydw7n4.bib",
  "cited_by": 9,
  "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aee2009",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "574tjk8ydw7n4",
  "issns": [
    "2375-2548"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee2009",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|MXene and MAX Phase Materials"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4416061000",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.aee2009?download=true",
  "pmcid": "PMC13170662",
  "pmid": "42127176",
  "published": "2026-05-13",
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/574tjk8ydw7n4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:27:00Z",
      "native_id": "W4416061000",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aee2009"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|MXene and MAX Phase Materials",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Surface reduction boosts free electron concentration in MXene for enhanced photothermal performance",
  "title_text": "Surface reduction boosts free electron concentration in MXene for enhanced photothermal performance",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/574tjk8ydw7n4",
  "venue": "Science Advances",
  "versions": []
}