{
  "abstract": "B-cell exhaustion (BEX) has emerged as a critical mechanism in tumor immune evasion. However, the prognostic significance of B-cell exhaustion-related genes (BEX-RGs) and their potential as therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. This study aimed to identify a BEX-RGs-based prognostic signature and elucidate its implications for LUAD immunotherapy. Transcriptomic data and BEX-RGs were obtained from public databases. Prognostic genes were obtained through univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Afterwards, a predictive model was constructed and validated. Further analyses yielded independent prognostic factors, and a nomogram was created. Additionally, enrichment analyses and immune microenvironment analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of LUAD. Drug sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify drugs with differential sensitivity between groups, providing a basis for personalized treatment strategies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to assess the protein expression of BEX-RGs in 90 LUAD specimens and paired distant normal lung tissues, and overall survival (OS) analysis was performed to evaluate their prognostic associations. In this study, five prognostic genes were identified: heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HBEGF) and CD79A, CD101, adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2), and dipeptidase 2 (DPEP2). The developed prognostic model and nomogram had robust risk evaluation capability. Enrichment analyses highlighted immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations. High-risk patients exhibited reduced immune/stromal scores and heightened sensitivity to 36 chemotherapeutic agents. Five BEX-related prognostic genes associated with LUAD prognosis were identified, and the constructed model showed potential value for prognostic stratification. Differences in immune microenvironment, gene mutations and drug sensitivity between risk groups provide evidence for tumor immunity research and targeted therapy development. IHC and OS results confirmed that the expression trends of the five genes were consistent with the results of the bioinformatics analysis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.",
    "State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.",
    "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bo Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0052-048X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Guang-Shun Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pan Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jia-Qi Bao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lin-Xiao Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ben Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiao-He Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/585czcq002kt8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21037/tcr-2026-1882",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743206",
  "id": "585czcq002kt8",
  "issns": [
    "2218-676X",
    "2219-6803"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42997880",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7160298148",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743206?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13743206",
  "pmid": "42997880",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/585czcq002kt8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42997880",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42997880"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Screening and experimental validation of prognostic genes associated with B cell exhaustion in lung adenocarcinoma based on ordinary transcriptome data.",
  "title_text": "Screening and experimental validation of prognostic genes associated with B cell exhaustion in lung adenocarcinoma based on ordinary transcriptome data.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/585czcq002kt8",
  "venue": "Translational cancer research",
  "versions": []
}