{
  "abstract": "Satellite observations play a crucial role in quantifying ammonia sources by capturing large-scale variations of atmospheric NH3 concentrations. As the world's first geostationary hyperspectral infrared sounder, the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board China's FengYun-4 satellite series provides a unique opportunity to monitor the diurnal cycle of NH3. Using NH3 retrievals between July 2022 and June 2025, this study investigates the spatio-temporal variability of NH3 columns over East Asia, with a focus on daytime variations (07:00–19:00 local time) in major agricultural regions. Inter-comparison with polar-orbiting IASI and CrIS data shows that GIIRS NH3 retrievals are consistent in capturing the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics. The NH3 peaks occur between March and July, with the timing shifting from north to south, reflecting regional differences primarily driven by agriculture activities. Validation with ground-based FTIR measurements at Hefei in eastern China demonstrates the accuracy of GIIRS NH3, with a correlation coefficient of 0.77 and an RMSE of 9.67 × 1015 molec/cm2, while reproducing daytime variations observed by FTIR. For major agricultural areas, the NH3 columns generally increase from early morning to late afternoon, reaching 1.10–1.56 times morning levels in summer and spring. Compared with GEOS-CF model simulations, the results reveal pronounced discrepancies in spatial distributions over the Sichuan Basin in southwestern China. These findings highlight the valuable capability of FY-4B/GIIRS in identifying and tracking daytime dynamics of NH3 sources over East Asia, offering new insights beyond current low-Earth orbit (LEO) instruments.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China",
    "School of Earth and Space Sciences [Beijing] (Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing - China)",
    "Peking University [Beijing] (No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.China 100871 - China)",
    "Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China",
    "Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China - China)",
    "Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China",
    "SEAS - Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (150 Western Ave, Allston, MA 02134, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 - United States)",
    "SUSTech - Southern University of Science and Technology (1088 Xueyuan Ave, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 - China)",
    "School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China",
    "HKUST - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong - Hong Kong SAR China)",
    "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 511400, China",
    "NUIST - Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (No.219, Ningliu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu - China)",
    "Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China",
    "College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering [Peking] (Peking University, Room 116, Old Geoscience Building, PKU 100871 - China)",
    "College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China",
    "NSMC - National Satellite Meteorological Center [Beijing] (46, Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing, China - China)",
    "Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China",
    "SITP - Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics (Yutian Road 500, Hongkou , Shanghai - China)",
    "ECCC - Environment and Climate Change Canada (Gatineau, Québec - Canada)",
    "Key Laboratory of Infrared Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China",
    "ATMOSPHERE - LATMOS (France)",
    "Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada",
    "LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, UVSQ, CNRS, 75252 Paris, France",
    "SQUARES - Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels - Belgium)",
    "BIRA-IASB - Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire 1180 Brussels Belgium - Belgium)",
    "Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Brussels Laboratory of the Universe (BLU-ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium",
    "Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, 1180 Brussels, Belgium",
    "Peking University (Beijing, China)"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 23,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mengya Sheng",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8261-621X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Runyi Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jiancong Hua"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shan Han",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4355-7808"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shangyi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Lin Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Wei Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5909-0205"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Ruijun Dang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7662-3816"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Hansen Cao",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2713-0430"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Zichong Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2779-1554"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Yixuan Gu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Mingxu Liu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1419-1990"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Lu Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3665-1556"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Chengli Qi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8540-4607"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16,
        18
      ],
      "name": "Feng Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        19,
        20
      ],
      "name": "Changpei Han",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9162-7367"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        21,
        20
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      "name": "Mark W. Shephard",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2867-9612"
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    {
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        22,
        23
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      "name": "Nadir Guendouz",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-5813-4948"
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    {
      "affs": [
        22,
        24,
        23
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      "name": "Camille Viatte",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9413-7272"
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        25,
        20,
        23
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      "name": "Lieven Clarisse",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8805-2141"
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        26,
        25,
        1
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      "name": "Martin Van Damme",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1752-0558"
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    {
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        27
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      "name": "Cathy Clerbaux",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0394-7200"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        27
      ],
      "name": "Zhao‐Cheng Zeng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0008-6508"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/58wwppnpxr4e1.bib",
  "cited_by": 7,
  "doi": "10.5194/acp-26-7803-2026",
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    "1680-7324"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7803-2026",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
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  "published": "2026-06-03",
  "publisher": "Copernicus Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/58wwppnpxr4e1.ris",
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      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1902|Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols",
      "subfield": "atmospheric"
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  "title": "Geostationary observations of atmospheric ammonia over East Asia: spatio-temporal variations revealed by three years of FY-4B/GIIRS measurements",
  "title_text": "Geostationary observations of atmospheric ammonia over East Asia: spatio-temporal variations revealed by three years of FY-4B/GIIRS measurements",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T13:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/58wwppnpxr4e1",
  "venue": "Atmospheric chemistry and physics",
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