{ "abstract": "Biomolecular condensates govern essential cellular processes yet elude description by traditional equilibrium models. This roadmap, distilled from structured discussions at a workshop and reflecting the consensus of its participants, clarifies key concepts for researchers, funding bodies, and journals. After unifying terminology that often separates disciplines, we outline the core physics of condensate formation, review their biological roles, and identify outstanding challenges in nonequilibrium theory, multiscale simulation, and quantitative in-cell measurements. We close with a forward-looking outlook to guide coordinated efforts toward predictive, experimentally anchored understanding and control of biomolecular condensates.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Princeton University", "Faculty of Informatics/Mathematics", "HTW Dresden", "Institute of Numerical Mathematics and Optimization", "TU Bergakademie Freiberg", "King's College London", "Baylor College of Medicine", "Texas Children's Hospital", "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology", "Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry", "Johns Hopkins School of Medicine", "University of Modena and Reggio Emilia", "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "University of Toronto", "Universidad Complutense de Madrid", "University Complutense of Madrid", "University of Cambridge", "Northwestern University", "University of Chicago", "Washington University in St. Louis", "New York University", "University of Augsburg", "Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems", "Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research", "Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization", "Delft University of Technology", "Scripps Research Institute", "University of Pennsylvania", "GKVK Campus", "National Centre for Biological Sciences-TIFR", "Dartmouth College", "University of California, Davis", "University of California, Santa Barbara", "Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life", "TU Dresden", "Kansas State University", "California State University, Fullerton", "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign", "Johns Hopkins University", "McGill University" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 41, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Dilimulati Aierken", "orcid": "0000-0003-1727-5759" }, { "affs": [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ], "name": "Sebastian Aland", "orcid": "0000-0002-5258-0006" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Stefano Bo", "orcid": "0000-0002-2738-867X" }, { "affs": [ 6, 7 ], "name": "Steven Boeynaems", "orcid": "0000-0002-9705-9871" }, { "affs": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "name": "Danfeng Cai", "orcid": "0000-0003-1623-5077" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Serena Carra", "orcid": "0000-0003-0939-0140" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Lindsay B. Case", "orcid": "0000-0003-3166-1138" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Hue Sun Chan", "orcid": "0000-0002-1381-923X" }, { "affs": [ 14, 15, 16 ], "name": "Jorge R. Espinosa", "orcid": "0000-0001-9530-2658" }, { "affs": [ 17, 18, 19 ], "name": "Trevor GrandPre", "orcid": "0000-0002-3565-6873" }, { "affs": [ 20 ], "name": "Alexander Y. Grosberg", "orcid": "0000-0002-4230-8690" }, { "affs": [ 21 ], "name": "Ivar S. Haugerud", "orcid": "0000-0001-9931-3741" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "William M. Jacobs", "orcid": "0000-0003-0574-4319" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Jerelle A. Joseph", "orcid": "0000-0003-4525-180X" }, { "affs": [ 22 ], "name": "Frank Jülicher", "orcid": "0000-0003-4731-9185" }, { "affs": [ 23 ], "name": "Kurt Kremer", "orcid": "0000-0003-1842-9369" }, { "affs": [ 24 ], "name": "Guido L. A. Kusters", "orcid": "0000-0002-6004-9768" }, { "affs": [ 25 ], "name": "Liedewij Laan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7138-9004" }, { "affs": [ 26 ], "name": "Keren Lasker", "orcid": "0000-0002-5480-4173" }, { "affs": [ 22 ], "name": "Kathrin S. Laxhuber", "orcid": "0000-0002-8104-3525" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Hyun O. Lee", "orcid": "0000-0003-0102-4795" }, { "affs": [ 27 ], "name": "Kathy F. Liu", "orcid": "0000-0001-5943-3888" }, { "affs": [ 28, 29 ], "name": "Dimple Notani", "orcid": "0000-0002-9460-8070" }, { "affs": [ 24 ], "name": "Yicheng Qiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-2053-079X" }, { "affs": [ 30 ], "name": "Paul Robustelli", "orcid": "0000-0002-9282-8993" }, { "affs": [ 31 ], "name": "Leonor Saiz", "orcid": "0000-0002-6866-9400" }, { "affs": [ 32 ], "name": "Omar A. Saleh", "orcid": "0000-0002-9197-4024" }, { "affs": [ 33, 34 ], "name": "Helmut Schießel", "orcid": "0000-0001-5040-6488" }, { "affs": [ 35 ], "name": "Jeremy D. Schmit", "orcid": "0000-0002-0104-5468" }, { "affs": [ 36 ], "name": "Meng Shen", "orcid": "0000-0001-5431-381X" }, { "affs": [ 17 ], "name": "Krishna Shrinivas", "orcid": "0000-0002-4167-9385" }, { "affs": [ 37 ], "name": "Antonia Statt", "orcid": "0000-0002-6120-5072" }, { "affs": [ 14, 15, 16 ], "name": "Andrés R. Tejedor", "orcid": "0000-0002-9437-6169" }, { "affs": [ 38 ], "name": "Tatjana Trcek", "orcid": "0000-0003-4405-8733" }, { "affs": [ 21 ], "name": "Christoph A. Weber", "orcid": "0000-0001-6279-0405" }, { "affs": [ 39 ], "name": "Stephanie C. Weber", "orcid": "0000-0002-7297-2875" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Ned S. Wingreen", "orcid": "0000-0001-7384-2821" }, { "name": "Huaiying Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-1784-2664" }, { "affs": [ 38 ], "name": "Yaojun Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0003-4587-6834" }, { "name": "Huan‐Xiang Zhou", "orcid": "0000-0001-9020-0302" }, { "affs": [ 24 ], "name": "David Zwicker", "orcid": "0000-0002-3909-3334" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5933kd1mspr25.bib", "cited_by": 11, "doi": "10.1103/3b2k-ftwx", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "5933kd1mspr25", "issns": [ "2835-8279" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/3b2k-ftwx", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY", "licence_label": "CC BY", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "1312|RNA Research and Splicing" ] ], "openalex": "W7167918462", "pdf_url": null, "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-07-10", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5933kd1mspr25.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-11-07T13:20:49Z", "native_id": "W7167918462", "source": "openalex", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1103/3b2k-ftwx" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biochemistry", "origin": "openalex:1312|RNA Research and Splicing", "subfield": "molecular-biology" } ], "title": "Roadmap for Condensates in Cell Biology", "title_text": "Roadmap for Condensates in Cell Biology", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:07Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5933kd1mspr25", "venue": "PRX Life", "versions": [] }