{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-based neoadjuvant therapy is increasingly used for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but paired peripheral immune dynamics and their exploratory relationship to response remain incompletely characterized.\n\nMethods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal flow-cytometry study of 39 patients with ESCC treated with anti-PD-1-based neoadjuvant therapy, including 20 patients with paired pre-treatment and post-treatment/preoperative peripheral immune profiles. The primary paired analysis tested 75 marker-defined immune features using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Exploratory extensions included response-associated changes in candidate immune features, clinical burden context, baseline-dependence, and public tissue-context bioinformatics. Public tissue data were used only as descriptive tissue context.\n\nResults: Four features reached FDR q<0.05 in the primary paired screen: PD-1+ CD8 T cells, PD-1+ Vδ1 γδ T cells, PD-1+ Vδ2 γδ T cells, and CD19+ B cells. PD-1-defined features were interpreted as assay-defined detectable PD-1 staining readouts because therapeutic anti-PD-1 receptor occupancy or epitope masking may affect post-treatment staining. CD19+ B cells remained the non-PD-1 q<0.05 anchor in the PD-1-excluded paired sensitivity screen. In the pathology-evaluable paired cohort (n=17), no response-stratified candidate reached q<0.05; the change in NKG2D+ natural killer (NK) cells was the strongest nominal exploratory and hypothesis-generating signal.\n\nDiscussion: These data support treatment-associated marker-defined peripheral immune dynamics and generate response-linked hypotheses requiring prospective validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China",
    "Institute of Biomedical Translational Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China",
    "The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China",
    "Department of Oncology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China",
    "Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital (The Affiliated Twelfth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China",
    "Guangzhou Purui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China",
    "Xinzhou District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China",
    "Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Reconstruction, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, China",
    "Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital (The Affiliated Twelfth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China",
    "Department of VIP Inpatient and Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China",
    "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Linpeng Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lingwen Meng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xinru Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jiahui Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Pengfei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Bo Dong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Chengjing Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Wei Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nuan Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Guodong Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jiawei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Guojie Tan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Li Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Dan Tian"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/597hcy6rhxppn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917487",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13696451/",
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  "language": "en",
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  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
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  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13696451?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13696451",
  "pmid": "42935930",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers",
      "subfield": "oncology"
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  ],
  "title": "Longitudinal peripheral immune dynamics during anti-programmed cell death 1 neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma",
  "title_text": "Longitudinal peripheral immune dynamics during anti-programmed cell death 1 neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:33:47Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/597hcy6rhxppn",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
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