{
  "abstract": "Background: The lack of locally validated instruments hinders proper evaluation and management of caregiver burden. Aim: To perform an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of Telugu-translated scales assessing psychological factors related to caregiver burden. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at three sites: Among 100 caregivers of schizophrenia patients using Telugu-translated versions of the WHO Well-being Index (WHO WBI), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS), and the Perceived Criticism Scale (PCS). EFA was used to identify the factor structure. Results: Principal component analysis revealed that the items of the scales- WHO-WBI, ULS, and PCS were significantly loaded on one factor each, with eigenvalues of 3.810, 2.504, and 2.105, respectively, and the substantive factors represent “mood”, “loneliness”, and “criticism”, respectively. Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.9 for WHO-WBI and ULS, and 0.78 for PCS, indicating an acceptable level of internal consistency. Conclusion: Telugu versions of WHO-WBI, ULS, and PCS hold fair-to-good structural validity and internal consistency.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Lakshmi S"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mamidipalli S. Spoorthy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Barikar C. Malathesh"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sangha M. Godi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Raj K. Donthu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vullanki S. Sreeja"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sandeep Grover"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sai K. Tikka"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/599r8bhmwcxsf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_273_26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ovid.com/jnls/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_273_26~an-exploratory-factor-analysis-of-telugu-versions-of-the-who",
  "id": "599r8bhmwcxsf",
  "issns": [
    "0019-5545",
    "1998-3794"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_273_26",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC435-571"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3203|Family Caregiving in Mental Illness"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213457681",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/599r8bhmwcxsf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T14:21:22Z",
      "native_id": "03da77161c974035b85efaa8077c5dc2",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_273_26"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3203|Family Caregiving in Mental Illness",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "An exploratory factor analysis of Telugu versions of the WHO well-being index, the UCLA-loneliness scale and the perceived criticism scale in caregivers of schizophrenia patients",
  "title_text": "An exploratory factor analysis of Telugu versions of the WHO well-being index, the UCLA-loneliness scale and the perceived criticism scale in caregivers of schizophrenia patients",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T14:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/599r8bhmwcxsf",
  "venue": "Indian Journal of Psychiatry",
  "versions": []
}