{
  "abstract": "A multidisciplinary workshop, 'Toward Cognitive Digital Twins in Surgery,' was held during the Hamlyn Symposium in London, UK on Friday, June 27, 2025. This work summarizes the main insights that emerged from the discussion, including the potential benefits and limitations of Cognitive Digital Twins (CogDT) in surgery. The CogDT framework is designed to capture the entire clinical system, including patients and healthcare providers. We introduce the novel concept of the Surgical Cognitive Digital Twin (S-CogDT), highlighting its potential for advancement in surgical care. Participants conceptualized S-CogDTs as potential tools for creating dynamic, individualized profiles for personalized provider training, serving as real-time early-warning indicators to mitigate cognitive overload, and optimizing organizational workflows within the surgical environment. However, the effective adoption of this technology faces significant challenges. These include the difficulty of measuring and validating dynamic cognitive states, the considerable hurdles in achieving user acceptance and trust, and critical questions surrounding data governance, privacy, and regulatory pathways. These results inform future research in this novel, multidisciplinary field by clearly showing the potential of S-CogDTs and mapping the potential challenges required for their successful implementation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, ITALY.",
    "Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, ITALY.",
    "IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, ITALY.",
    "Surgical Sabermetrics Laboratory (SaberLab), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, SCOTLAND.",
    "Ken Kennedy Institute, Rice University, Houston, TEXAS.",
    "Department of Surgery & Cancer - Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UNITED KINGDOM.",
    "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.",
    "Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Damiano Fruet"
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    {
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        1
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      "name": "Marco Bombieri"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Erica Ordali"
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    {
      "affs": [
        3
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      "name": "Steven Yule"
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    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Vaibhav Unhelkar"
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    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Leff"
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    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "George Mylonas"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Pietro Pietrini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Gilbert Yang Ye"
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    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ravi Naik"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Giandomenico Nollo"
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    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Roger Daglius Dias"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Marco A Zenati"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/59vvs5wpfz2fy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1109/tmrb.2026.3742591",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13727292/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "59vvs5wpfz2fy",
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  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
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    [
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      "openalex",
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13727292/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13727292",
  "pmid": "42974590",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/59vvs5wpfz2fy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13727292",
      "source": "europepmc",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2718|Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cognitive Digital Twins in Surgery: Insights from an International Multidisciplinary Workshop",
  "title_text": "Cognitive Digital Twins in Surgery: Insights from an International Multidisciplinary Workshop",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:23:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/59vvs5wpfz2fy",
  "venue": "IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics",
  "versions": []
}