{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nTo evaluate the incidence, timing, risk factors, and prognostic impact of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving systemic therapy.Methods\n\nThis single-center retrospective cohort study included 164 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed stage IIIB-IV NSCLC who initiated systemic therapy between January 2021 and December 2025. VTE events were identified during follow-up and objectively confirmed by imaging. The cumulative incidence of VTE was estimated using a competing-risk approach, with death before VTE treated as a competing event. Risk factors for incident VTE were evaluated using cause-specific Cox regression. The prognostic impact of VTE was assessed using time-dependent Cox regression.Results\n\nDuring follow-up, 29 patients developed VTE, corresponding to a crude proportion of 17.68%. The median time to first VTE was 104 days, and 24 of 29 events (82.76%) occurred within 6 months. When death before VTE was treated as a competing event, the cumulative incidence of VTE was 8.00% at 3 months, 15.04% at 6 months, and 17.97% at 12 months. In multivariable cause-specific Cox analysis, higher baseline D-dimer was independently associated with incident VTE (HR 2.714, 95% CI 1.970-3.741, P < 0.001). In a sensitivity model, anti-angiogenic therapy was associated with higher VTE risk (HR 2.810, 95% CI 1.320-5.984, P = 0.007). In time-dependent Cox analysis, VTE was independently associated with worse OS (HR 4.464, 95% CI 2.162-9.216, P < 0.001), but not PFS (HR 1.622, 95% CI 0.811-3.245, P = 0.172).Conclusions\n\nVTE was a relatively common and early complication in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving systemic therapy. Baseline D-dimer was the most consistent factor associated with incident VTE, and VTE was independently associated with worse OS when analyzed as a time-dependent event. These findings support early risk assessment and vigilant clinical surveillance for thrombosis in advanced NSCLC.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Oncology Hematology, Xijing 986 Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.",
    "Department of Oncology Hematology, Xijing 986 Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China. m13669255710@163.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wanling Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hongguo Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Song Qiao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shangzhen Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cai Cheng",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-7924-0727"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/59w1qvkz30c47.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12890-026-04498-3",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721368",
  "id": "59w1qvkz30c47",
  "issns": [
    "1471-2466"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958169",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2724|Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172206548",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721368?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721368",
  "pmid": "42958169",
  "published": "2026-08-03",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/59w1qvkz30c47.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958169",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958169"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:04Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721368",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-026-04498-3"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2724|Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Incidence, risk factors and prognostic impact of venous thromboembolism in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving systemic therapy: a single-center retrospective analysis.",
  "title_text": "Incidence, risk factors and prognostic impact of venous thromboembolism in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving systemic therapy: a single-center retrospective analysis.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/59w1qvkz30c47",
  "venue": "BMC pulmonary medicine",
  "versions": []
}