{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nPrimary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (PHNETs) are extremely rare, accounting for approximately 0.3% of all neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Because the liver is the most common metastatic site of NETs, distinguishing PHNET from metastatic disease is often challenging. Optimal treatment strategies and follow-up protocols for PHNET have not been well established. We report 3 cases of PHNET treated with surgical resection.Case presentation\n\nCase 1 involved a 42-year-old woman with a liver tumor detected during a routine medical examination. Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed under the preoperative diagnosis of hepatic adenoma or hemangioma. Histopathological examination revealed a NET, grade 2. The patient developed intrahepatic recurrence 5 years and 8 months after the initial surgery and underwent repeat hepatectomy. Case 2 involved a 72-year-old woman diagnosed with PHNET (grade 2) by liver biopsy. Laparoscopic extended posterior sectionectomy was performed. Intrahepatic recurrence occurred 3 years and 9 months later, and repeat hepatectomy was performed. Case 3 involved a 50-year-old man diagnosed with NET (grade 1) by endoscopic US-guided fine-needle aspiration. Extended left hepatectomy with partial resection of segment 8 was performed. He remains recurrence-free. In all cases, comprehensive examinations, including endoscopy, somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI), and PET, revealed no evidence of extrahepatic primary lesions, leading to the diagnosis of PHNET.Conclusions\n\nPHNET is a rare tumor that may recur several years after curative resection. Careful long-term follow-up is therefore required, and repeat surgical resection may be an effective treatment option for selected patients with recurrent disease.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.",
    "Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Takanari Kobayashi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sunao Fujiyoshi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shunsuke Shichi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuzuru Sakamoto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Takeshi Aiyama"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Akihisa Nagatsu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Norio Kawamura"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Masaaki Watanabe"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ryoichi Goto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tatsuhiko Kakisaka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kenjiro Kato"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Takuya Otsuka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Akinobu Taketomi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5amce94c0zyxb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.70352/scrj.cr.26-0333",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686815",
  "id": "5amce94c0zyxb",
  "issns": [
    "2198-7793"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923049",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221900385",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686815?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13686815",
  "pmid": "42923049",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5amce94c0zyxb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42923049",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923049"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Three Cases of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Treated with Surgical Resection: A Case Series and Literature Review.",
  "title_text": "Three Cases of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Treated with Surgical Resection: A Case Series and Literature Review.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5amce94c0zyxb",
  "venue": "Surgical case reports",
  "versions": []
}