{
  "abstract": "Baeckea frutescens L., a traditional medicinal shrub, is widely applied for the treatment of rheumatism, inflammation and skin diseases. Nevertheless, studies focusing on its therapeutic polysaccharides remain limited. In this work, an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE–DES) method was established to extract B. frutescens polysaccharides (BFPs). Integrated with single-factor experiments, RSM and GA–BP neural network modeling, the optimal conditions were determined as 35% water content, 52 °C, 31 min, and a liquid–solid ratio of 32:1 mL/g. The maximum BFP yield reached 10.58 ± 0.21%, which was 4.4-fold higher than that achieved with conventional hot water extraction. The choline chloride-urea DES maintained over 83% extraction capacity after five cycles, demonstrating favorable reusability. Kinetic analysis based on Fick’s second law indicated diffusion-controlled extraction with low activation energy. UAE–DES–BFPs exhibited reduced molecular weight, altered monosaccharide composition and improved thermal stability. Correspondingly, UAE–DES–BFPs showed superior anti-complementary activity with CH50 and AP50 values of 120.13 μg/mL and 255.54 μg/mL. Both polysaccharides suppressed complement activation via C1q, C3, C4, C5 and C9, and UAE–DES–BFPs more effectively inhibited C3/C4 deposition. This study confirms that UAE–DES is an efficient strategy for bioactive BFP preparation, supporting the high-value utilization of B. frutescens.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China",
    "Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ming Bu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9752-0886"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haijun Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yukun Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tianci Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lina Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiaming Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4623-4852"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5b2gnb2wvyt64.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31214008",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5b2gnb2wvyt64",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/4008",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5b2gnb2wvyt64.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T00:21:21Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31214008",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/4008"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1420-3049",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polysaccharides from Baeckea frutescens L.: Hybrid RSM and GA–BP Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Complementary Activity",
  "title_text": "Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polysaccharides from Baeckea frutescens L.: Hybrid RSM and GA–BP Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Complementary Activity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T00:21:21Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5b2gnb2wvyt64",
  "venue": "Molecules",
  "versions": []
}