{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nPulsed electric field (PEF) has been investigated as a local ablation modality in various biomedical applications. Atherosclerotic plaques are composed of pathological cells, including macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and foam cells. The in vitro ablation effects of PEF on these plaque-forming cells remain incompletely characterized.Methods\n\nMouse RAW 264.7 macrophages, MOVAS SMCs, and foam cells derived from both lines were treated with PEF (250-1000 V/cm). Cell death was assessed by live-dead staining. Surface ultrastructural changes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Membrane phosphatidylserine externalization was evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Expression changes in apoptosis-associated proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Cytochrome C) were measured by Western blot. Secretion of selected cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 24 h.Results\n\nPEF induced dose-dependent reductions in viability in all tested cell types. SEM revealed pronounced membrane ultrastructural changes, including disruption of the surface meshwork and pore-like features. The proportion of Annexin V-positive cells increased after PEF treatment. The expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins and their statistical significance varied by cell type and time point. No statistically significant differences were detected in the selected cytokines at 24 h under the tested conditions.Conclusion\n\nUnder the tested in vitro conditions, PEF induced dose-dependent ablation effects on atherosclerotic plaque-forming cells, accompanied by membrane ultrastructural alterations and increased Annexin V-positive cell proportions. These findings provide preliminary in vitro evidence warranting further investigation in more physiologically relevant models.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Tianjin 300192, China.",
    "School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China.",
    "Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, No. 24, Fukang Road, Tianjin 300192, China.",
    "Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 236, Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China.",
    "Clinical Medicine College of Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China.",
    "Radiology of Beijing United Family Hospital of Integrative Medicine Co., Ltd., No. 46, West Headquarters Hutong, Beijing 100016, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yongle Jing",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-2217-4589"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhixiao Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xinwei Cui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yuli Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xuying Ye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chengzhi Lu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4546-6395"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Huijuan Yin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Manxi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoqiang Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ziyi Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5bhajavk08wj6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcdd13100515",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704975",
  "id": "5bhajavk08wj6",
  "issns": [
    "2308-3425"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930911",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1305|Microbial Inactivation Methods"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221669478",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704975?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704975",
  "pmid": "42930911",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5bhajavk08wj6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42930911",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930911"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1305|Microbial Inactivation Methods",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pulsed Electric Field-Induced Ablation of Atherosclerotic Plaque-Forming Cells: A Preliminary In Vitro Investigation.",
  "title_text": "Pulsed Electric Field-Induced Ablation of Atherosclerotic Plaque-Forming Cells: A Preliminary In Vitro Investigation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5bhajavk08wj6",
  "venue": "Journal of cardiovascular development and disease",
  "versions": []
}