{
  "abstract": "Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are widely used by medical students, but associations of general use frequency and AI-related attitudes with psychological distress remain unclear.\n\nMethods: All 1,275 active students at one Turkish medical faculty were invited to an anonymous online survey conducted from 1 April to 1 May 2026; 249 of 251 respondents consented. Measures included general AI use, an investigator-translated 13-item Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale (ATAI), and the validated Turkish Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. A general-distress composite was the primary outcome, and hierarchical regression used HC3 robust standard errors.\n\nResults: AI use was reported by 95.6% of participants, and 50.2% reported daily use. Mean doubled DASS-21 total was 56.97 (SD 31.55). The ATAI three-factor model showed mixed fit (CFI = .898, TLI = .872, RMSEA = .107, SRMR = .070). AI-frequency categories did not improve the adjusted model at the block level (change in R-squared = .016, p = .111; robust global p = .088). Adding exploratory ATAI factors increased R-squared by.052 (p = .002; robust global p = .009); Benefit was inversely, and Risk and Use positively, associated with distress. Subscale sensitivity analyses preserved coefficient directions, but only the inverse Benefit-Anxiety association survived correction across 15 additional focal tests (q = .032).\n\nConclusion: AI use was nearly universal and served both educational and personal/non-educational purposes, but this sample did not provide stable evidence of an overall association between general use frequency and distress. ATAI associations are exploratory and may reflect measurement or common-method processes. Longitudinal multicenter studies should use formally adapted measures and objective indicators of AI engagement.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mesut Sari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yasemin İmrek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ali Evren Tufan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5brt7e40t392n.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2026.1965749",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13735594/",
  "id": "5brt7e40t392n",
  "issns": [
    "2296-858X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965749",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2718|Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223179989",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965749/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13735594",
  "pmid": "42990879",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5brt7e40t392n.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:21:15Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13735594",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1965749"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2718|Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Artificial intelligence use patterns, attitudes, and psychological distress among medical students: a cross-sectional survey",
  "title_text": "Artificial intelligence use patterns, attitudes, and psychological distress among medical students: a cross-sectional survey",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:21:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5brt7e40t392n",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Medicine",
  "versions": []
}