{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nMetal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks offer a rare opportunity to design drug carriers from molecular building blocks upward. Yet high loading capacity and stimulus-responsive release alone do not constitute precision delivery.Methods\n\nWe critically synthesized evidence on MOF and COF pore-level cargo interactions, framework and surface engineering, endogenous and externally triggered release, active targeting, biomimetic coatings, nanozyme activity and theranostic integration. Precision delivery was decomposed into five evidence-qualified dimensions: material, spatial, temporal, mechanistic and translational precision.Results\n\nThe evidence supports the complementary strengths of the two families across small-molecule, protein, nucleic-acid, gas and catalytic therapies. Direct evidence is strongest for individual component technologies, selected antibody-targeted systems and two-component hybrids. Recurrent evidence gaps include incomplete particle characterization in biological media, reliance on total-tissue accumulation rather than cell-specific delivery, and insufficient separation of carrier degradation from drug release.Discussion\n\nA framework becomes precise only when it maintains a defined material identity, reaches a biologically justified compartment, releases an active payload at the intended place and time, and does so with measurable improvements in exposure, efficacy and safety. This requires a precision-by-design framework that maps claims to minimum evidence and links material critical quality attributes to biological mechanisms, translational assays and development decisions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.",
    "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xinwei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Haonan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ruidong Ding"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Feng Wang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5bvzjqfan0a2g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fddev.2026.1970554",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13710936",
  "id": "5bvzjqfan0a2g",
  "issns": [
    "2674-0850"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948009",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1604|Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221601013",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13710936?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13710936",
  "pmid": "42948009",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5bvzjqfan0a2g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948009",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948009"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:48Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13710936",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2026.1970554"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1604|Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications",
      "subfield": "inorganic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks for precision drug delivery: a precision-by-design evidence framework for biologically accountable nanomedicine.",
  "title_text": "Metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks for precision drug delivery: a precision-by-design evidence framework for biologically accountable nanomedicine.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5bvzjqfan0a2g",
  "venue": "Frontiers in drug delivery",
  "versions": []
}