{
  "abstract": "Disorder-induced phenomena in quantum many-body systems pose a challenge for analytical and numerical approaches at relevant time and system scales. To reduce the cost of disorder sampling, we investigated quantum circuits initialized in states that form tunable superpositions over all disorder configurations, which in lattice gauge theories can be interpreted as superpositions over gauge sectors. On the experimentally accessible timescales, we observed localization in the absence of disorder in one and two dimensions: Perturbations failed to diffuse despite fully disorder-free evolution and initial states. However, entropy measurements revealed that superposition-prepared states fundamentally differ from those obtained by direct disorder sampling. Leveraging superposition, we propose an algorithm with a polynomial speedup in sampling disorder configurations, a long-standing challenge in many-body localization studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA",
    "Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA",
    "Laboratory of Solid State and Atomic Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA",
    "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA",
    "Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA",
    "Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands",
    "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 100,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Google AI Quantum and Collaborators"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Gaurav Gyawali",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9226-7890"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shashwat Kumar",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-4012-9190"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yuri D. Lensky",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8271-516X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Eliott N. Rosenberg",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5889-8480"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aaron Szasz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1127-2111"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tyler A. Cochran",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1745-8467"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "R. Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amir H. Karamlou",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7400-9604"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Noureldin Yosri",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4169-5745"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "S. Meeks"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kostyantyn Kechedzhi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0136-1428"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Julia Berndtsson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Tom Westerhout",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0200-2686"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "A. Asfaw"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dmitry A. Abanin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2461-0271"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "R. Acharya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Laleh Aghababaie Beni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Trond I. Andersen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7806-1626"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "M. Ansmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8765-5621"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Frank Arute",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7179-0631"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kunal Arya",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6486-7100"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "N. Astrakhantsev"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Juan Atalaya",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3055-2730"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ryan Babbush",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6979-9533"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "B. Ballard"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Joseph C. Bardin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6523-6730"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Andreas Bengtsson",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5264-4025"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Bilmes",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5029-915X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gina Bortoli",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-4597-1691"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alexandre Bourassa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8517-7475"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jenna Bovaird",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3331-2786"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "L. BRILL"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Michael Broughton",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-1725-9488"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "D. A. Browne"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Brett Buchea"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bob B. Buckley",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5139-7931"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "David A. Buell"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "T. Burger"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Brian Burkett",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8474-6317"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nicholas Bushnell",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7445-1654"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "A. Cabrera",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0486-6296"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "J. Campero"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hung-Shen Chang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9681-6108"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Z J Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5195-2234"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "B. Chiaro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "J. Claes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Agnetta Y. Cleland",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3932-3881"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "J. G. Cogan",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7194-7566"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Roberto Collins",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6164-0007"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "P. Conner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "W. Courtney"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "A. L. Crook"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sayan Das",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-4853-1051"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dripto M. Debroy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Del Toro Barba",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0869-5110"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sean Demura",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3727-7380"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "L. De Lorenzo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Agustín Di Paolo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5174-7310"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "P. Donohoe"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5cz03p3zcmb52.bib",
  "cited_by": 30,
  "doi": "10.1126/science.adr9680",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5cz03p3zcmb52",
  "issns": [
    "0036-8075",
    "0193-4511",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr9680",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3107|Quantum many-body systems"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7167012043",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": "42391379",
  "published": "2026-07-02",
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5cz03p3zcmb52.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "W7167012043",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr9680"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "openalex:3107|Quantum many-body systems",
      "subfield": "amo"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Observation of disorder-free localization using a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory on a quantum processor",
  "title_text": "Observation of disorder-free localization using a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory on a quantum processor",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5cz03p3zcmb52",
  "venue": "Science",
  "versions": []
}