{
  "abstract": "Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is used to partially restrict limb blood flow during exercise. Practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) applications often rely on subjective pressure scales; however, the extent to which perceived compression levels influence arterial blood flow remains unclear. This study aimed to examine changes in popliteal artery blood flow velocity across different subjective compression levels during pBFR. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 42 healthy physically active adults (18–37 years). pBFR was applied to the dominant thigh using a 5 cm elastic band wrapped twice around the proximal thigh. Participants reported perceived compression as free flow (0/10), light (3–4/10), moderate (6–7/10), and high (9–10/10). Popliteal artery blood flow velocity and vessel diameter were measured using Doppler ultrasound. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare outcomes across compression levels. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine associations among blood flow velocity, thigh circumference, and skinfold thickness. Analyses were conducted using pooled male and female data. Results: Blood flow velocity progressively decreased with increasing compression. Significant differences were observed between all compression levels (p < 0.001). Blood flow velocity values were significantly correlated across compression levels. No significant associations were found between anthropometric measures and blood flow velocity. Complete arterial occlusion was not observed in any participant. Conclusions: Subjective pBFR compression levels were associated with graded reductions in popliteal artery blood flow velocity under the present experimental conditions. These findings reflect acute hemodynamic responses at rest and should not be generalized to exercise adaptations. Anthropometric characteristics were not associated with blood flow responses. Further research is needed to determine the translational relevance of subjective compression levels during exercise.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Recreation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey",
    "Department of Sports Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Division Of Medical Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey",
    "Department of Movement and Training Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey",
    "Department of Sports Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Meltem Ozagir"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sergen Devran"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Orkun Akkoc"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Bülent Bayraktar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilker Yucesir"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5cztea82m25pn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0359341",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5cztea82m25pn",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0359341",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2707|Cardiovascular and exercise physiology"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Anthropometry"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body fluids/Blood/Blood flow"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Cardiovascular anatomy/Blood vessels/Arteries"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Body fluids/Blood/Blood flow"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Anthropometry"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body fluids/Blood/Blood flow"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Cardiovascular anatomy/Blood vessels/Arteries"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Hematology/Hemodynamics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Vascular medicine/Blood pressure"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Classical mechanics/Compression"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Classical mechanics/Pressure/High pressure"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220956639",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0359341&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5cztea82m25pn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0359341",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0359341"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Investigation of arterial blood flow changes according to compression level in a practical blood flow restriction training method: A cross-sectional experimental study",
  "title_text": "Investigation of arterial blood flow changes according to compression level in a practical blood flow restriction training method: A cross-sectional experimental study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5cztea82m25pn",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}