{
  "abstract": "Introduction Critical situations in clinical medicine are associated with high cognitive load, time pressure and an increased risk to patient safety. Crisis Resource Management aims to address these challenges through skills such as communication, situational awareness, task management, team performance and decision-making. The ‘10-for-10 principle’, which encourages clinicians to pause briefly to reassess and plan ahead, is widely taught in simulation-based training and applied in clinical practice throughout German-speaking countries. Despite its widespread use, the principle lacks a clear scientific definition and has not been systematically investigated. This study aims to develop an empirically informed conceptual understanding of this principle based on expert perspectives as an early exploration, a foundation for future research and educational model development.Methods and analysis This qualitative study will use 15–20 semistructured expert interviews to explore current applications, variations, structural components and perceived barriers related to the 10-for-10 principle, aiming to provide an early exploration of the principle across German-speaking countries. Participants will be purposively sampled from clinical and simulation-based education contexts. Data collection and analysis will be conducted concurrently using the iterative content-structuring qualitative approach as described by Kuckartz and Rädiker. Deductive codes derived from existing conceptual descriptions will be combined with inductively developed codes informed by expert narratives to identify core categories across interviews. Findings will be synthesised into a taxonomy organised by expert-perceived relevance and frequency of reference.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA 1/093/25). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Data will be pseudonymised and handled in accordance with institutional and data protection regulations. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations and are intended to inform future empirical research and the development of simulation-based educational approaches related to the 10-for-10 principle.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Berlin Simulation and Training Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany",
    "Charite Universitatsmedizin Klinik fur Anasthesiologie mit Schwerpunkt Operative Intensivmedizin Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany",
    "Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
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  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
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      "name": "Jakob Beilstein",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-7540-6151"
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    {
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        1
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      "name": "Torsten Schröder"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Robert Gintrowicz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sonja Hermann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Eva Kornemann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Joanna Eller"
    }
  ],
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  "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2026-119734",
  "fulltext_url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/16/10/e119734.full",
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  "issns": [
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    "2044-6055"
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  "language": "en",
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  "pmcid": "PMC13723813",
  "pmid": "42963095",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "BMJ",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5dks9xybjjkar.ris",
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  "subjects": [
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      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
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  "title": "How to ‘10-for-10’: a qualitative research protocol to determine best practice use of the 10-for-10 principle",
  "title_text": "How to ‘10-for-10’: a qualitative research protocol to determine best practice use of the 10-for-10 principle",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5dks9xybjjkar",
  "venue": "BMJ Open",
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