{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nJayDoc Community Clinic-Wichita is a student-run free clinic serving a predominantly Spanish-speaking patient population. Authors of this study evaluated whether interpreter staffing represents a potentially modifiable systems-level factor associated with clinic workflow.Methods\n\nThis retrospective observational quality improvement evaluation included 715 patient encounters nested within 128 clinic sessions at JayDoc from November 2023 to July 2025. Encounter-level workflow differences by Spanish-speaking status were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models accounting for clustering within clinic sessions and adjusting for clinic day. Clinic-session-level multivariable linear regression evaluated associations among Spanish-speaking patient volume, in-person interpreter staffing, and clinic workflow.Results\n\nAfter accounting for clustering and clinic day, Spanish-speaking encounters were 5.3 minutes longer than non-Spanish-speaking encounters, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.065). Spanish-speaking encounters had significantly longer medical preparation time (adjusted mean difference, 2.57 minutes; 95% CI, 0.83 to 4.31; p = 0.004) and wait-to-present time (adjusted mean difference, 3.46 minutes; 95% CI, 0.47 to 6.45; p = 0.024). At the clinic-session level, each additional Spanish-speaking patient was associated with a 6.7-minute increase in clinic-session duration after controlling for total patient volume and interpreter staffing (p <0.001). Each 1-unit increase in the Spanish-speaking patient-to-interpreter ratio was associated with a 3.72-minute increase in clinic-session duration (p = 0.052).Conclusions\n\nSpanish-speaking encounters had longer medical preparation and wait-to-present times, while greater Spanish-speaking patient volume was associated with longer clinic-session duration. In-person interpreter staffing was not independently associated with session duration. These findings support further evaluation of strategies to better align interpreter resources with patient needs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Leah C Duncan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wyel Halimeh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dania Jumpa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carlos Schwindt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Evie Schmitz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dulcinea Rakestraw"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5drmkc60tycpz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.17161/kjm.vol19.25667",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694173",
  "id": "5drmkc60tycpz",
  "issns": [
    "1948-2035"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921645",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3600|Interpreting and Communication in Healthcare"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222690285",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694173?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13694173",
  "pmid": "42921645",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5drmkc60tycpz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42921645",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921645"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical Workflow Associated with Spanish-Speaking Patient Encounters at JayDoc Community Clinic-Wichita: A Quality Improvement Project.",
  "title_text": "Clinical Workflow Associated with Spanish-Speaking Patient Encounters at JayDoc Community Clinic-Wichita: A Quality Improvement Project.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5drmkc60tycpz",
  "venue": "Kansas journal of medicine",
  "versions": []
}