{
  "abstract": "Exercise is a promising non-pharmacological intervention for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, direct comparisons between basic physical training (BPT) and dual-task training remain limited. The objective of the current clinical trial is to evaluate clinical and functional effects of BPT and a BPT combined with dual-task functional exercises (BPT + FE) in individuals with PD. In this randomized controlled trial, 24 participants with idiopathic PD were allocated to BPT, BPT + FE, or a no-intervention control group (Con). Interventions lasted 12 weeks (three 60-minute sessions/week). Outcomes included quality of life (PDQ-39), depressive symptoms (BDI), lower-limb strength (1-minute Sit-to-Stand Test, STS), and functional mobility (Timed Up and Go, TUG). Group effects were analyzed using permutation-based ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Both interventions significantly improved physical performance vs. controls. STS gains were observed for BPT vs. Con (Mean Difference, MD = 31.00; p = .0026) and BPT + FE vs. Con (MD = 19.00; p = .0026). TUG times improved for BPT vs. Con (MD = –2.07s; p = .0039) and BPT + FE vs. Con (MD = –2.43s; p = .0028). Although BDI and PDQ-39 did not show statistically significant changes between group differences (r_rb = –0.429 and –0.339, respectively), several subscales demonstrated medium effect sizes suggesting potentially meaningful trends: emotional well-being (BPT: r_rb = –0.428; BPT + FE: r_rb = –0.446), bodily discomfort (BPT: r_rb = –0.524), and activities of daily living (BPT + FE: r_rb = –0.429). In conclusion, both programs improved physical performance in PD. Patient-reported outcomes did not reach statistical significance, but effect-size patterns suggest possible psychosocial benefits that warrant confirmation in larger trials. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05963425.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Universitat Ramon Llull, Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain",
    "Grup de Malalties Neurodegeneratives de la Vall d’Hebron. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain",
    "MIA-Portugal, Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal",
    "CIBB, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal",
    "UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal",
    "Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal",
    "Hospital Nostra Senyora de Meritxell, Escaldes-Engordany, Andorra",
    "Universitat d’Andorra, Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra",
    "Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America",
    "Institut de Neurociències-Autonomous Universitat de Barcelona (INc-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain",
    "Universitat Ramon Llull, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain",
    "Departament de Neurologia. Hospital Universitari Vall D’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Juan Carlos Magaña"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Silvia Enríquez-Calzada"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Roger Prat"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Cláudia M. Deus"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Susana P. Pereira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Mercè Avellanet"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Elvira Gea"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Ariadna Laguna"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Marta Martinez-Vicente"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Ona Perez-Larumbe"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Maria Giné-Garriga"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Jorge Hernández-Vara"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joel Montane"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5e1gq197ta9td.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358534",
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    "1932-6203"
  ],
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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  "pmcid": null,
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  "published": "2026-09-18",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
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    {
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  "subjects": [
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  "title": "Effects of basic and dual-task training programs on physical function in Parkinson’s disease: The PARKEX study",
  "title_text": "Effects of basic and dual-task training programs on physical function in Parkinson’s disease: The PARKEX study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5e1gq197ta9td",
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