{
  "abstract": "We perform the first (3+1)-dimensional lattice simulations of a cosmological first-order phase transition (PT) in which true-vacuum bubbles with random phases nucleate, expand, and collide, producing a network of global strings. We find that the string network enters the scaling regime, and the coefficient of the logarithmic growth is smaller than the value obtained for a second-order PT. From the axion spectrum, we derive the dark-matter relic abundance and the dark-radiation bound from big bang nucleosynthesis on the axion decay constant $f_a$ and mass $m_a$. The ratio of the gravitational wave emission rate to the axion emission rate is found to be about two orders of magnitude larger than in the second-order case, and the resulting gravitational wave spectrum can be probed by pulsar timing arrays as well as by space- and ground-based interferometers.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2611.07416",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Yongtao Jia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ligong Bian"
    },
    {
      "name": "Huai-Ke Guo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ee06zka0b6cs.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2611.07416",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5ee06zka0b6cs",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07416",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.CO"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "hep-th"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2611.07416",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ee06zka0b6cs.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T18:21:30Z",
      "native_id": "2611.07416",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07416"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.CO",
      "subfield": "cosmology"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:hep-ph",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Enhancing Gravitational Waves from Global Strings via a First-Order Phase Transition",
  "title_text": "Enhancing Gravitational Waves from Global Strings via a First-Order Phase Transition",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T18:21:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ee06zka0b6cs",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}