{
  "abstract": "Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) have garnered considerable attention worldwide as a renewable alternative to conventional jet fuels due to growing environmental concerns and the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions. This study investigates microwave-assisted esterification for butyl butyrate synthesis, a promising SAF precursor, using silicomolybdic acid-supported on V2O5 (SMA/V2O5) catalysts. The catalysts were synthesized by wet impregnation with varying silicomolybdic acid content (0-40 wt.%) and characterized using multiple techniques. Optimization of the reaction conditions, including calcination temperature, catalyst loading, stirring speed, reaction time, and temperature, led to the identification of the 30 wt.% silicomolybdic acid-supported V2O5 (SMA/V2O5 30-4) as the most effective catalyst, achieving butyric acid conversion up to 95% and butyl butyrate yield 92%. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order behavior following the Eley-Rideal mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters, including activation energy (85.77 kJ·mol-1), Gibbs free energy (ΔG* = 103.80 kJ·mol-1), enthalpy (ΔH* = 82.68 kJ·mol-1), and entropy (ΔS* = -55.12 J·mol-1·K-1), were derived from Arrhenius and Eyring plots. The catalyst maintained high activity across five reaction cycles without substantial deactivation. These results confirm the effectiveness of V2O5-supported silicomolybdic acid catalysts in sustainable butyl butyrate production, with potential applications in SAF synthesis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "GreenCat Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand India",
    "WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia",
    "Naresh Vashisht Centre for Hydrogen and CCUS Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand India"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shariq Farhan Elahi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Khwaja Alamgir Ahmad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Afaq Ahmad Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hussein Znad",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7889-4153"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ejaz Ahmad"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5fspfpmaa8css.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s44172-026-00710-8",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13737037/",
  "id": "5fspfpmaa8css",
  "issns": [
    "2731-3395"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00710-8",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Chemical Synthesis and Reactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7168252223",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s44172-026-00710-8_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13737037",
  "pmid": "42449009",
  "published": "2026-07-14",
  "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5fspfpmaa8css.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:21Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13737037",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-026-00710-8"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Chemical Synthesis and Reactions",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Engineered V2O5-supported silicomolybdic acid catalysts for butyl butyrate synthesis: kinetic, mechanistic, and thermodynamic insights toward sustainable aviation fuels",
  "title_text": "Engineered V2O5-supported silicomolybdic acid catalysts for butyl butyrate synthesis: kinetic, mechanistic, and thermodynamic insights toward sustainable aviation fuels",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:21Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5fspfpmaa8css",
  "venue": "Communications Engineering",
  "versions": []
}