{
  "abstract": "Background/Aim: Botulinum Toxin Type A (BOTOX®) is widely used, but its long duration may be unsuitable when a rapid and short-lasting effect is desired. This study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of botulinum toxin type E (JTM204) in the mouse digit abduction score model and compare its onset and duration with BOTOX®.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice received intramuscular injections of JTM204 at doses of 18.2, 28.9, 45.5, 72.2, 115.0, or 182.0 U/kg into the right gastrocnemius muscle. Mouse digit abduction score (DAS) responses were scored using a 0-4 scale at multiple time points from 3 to 72 h post-injection. Peak response, duration of effect, and dose dependency were assessed. The highest JTM204 dose was compared with contemporaneously evaluated BOTOX® data at 24.3 U/kg.\n\nResults: JTM204 produced a rapid, dose-dependent inhibition of digit abduction. Detectable activity was observed by 3 h, with peak effects occurring between 12 and 24 h. The highest dose produced the strongest response, reaching a mean peak DAS of approximately 3.6. DAS values declined markedly by 48 h and returned to baseline by 72 h in all dose groups. Compared with BOTOX®, JTM204 showed a faster onset and much shorter duration, while Botulinum Toxin Type A peaked later and persisted for up to 14 days.\n\nConclusion: JTM204 demonstrated rapid-onset, dose-dependent, and fully reversible muscle-weakening activity, supporting its potential as a short-acting botulinum toxin for applications requiring temporary neuromuscular blockade.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea",
    "Jetema Co. Ltd, R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea",
    "Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, H&Bio. Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "ZHIYUAN DING"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "CAIJUN JIN"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "JAE YOUNG KIM"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "JEONG SUN NAM"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "YOON KYOUNG CHA"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "YOUNG GILL BYEOUN"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "JAE HYUN JEONG"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "CHUL MIN NA"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "YONG HYUN LEE"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "PHAM NGOC CHIEN"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "CHAN YEONG HEO"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5g0f852jse94q.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21873/invivo.14490",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13723966/",
  "id": "5g0f852jse94q",
  "issns": [
    "0258-851X",
    "1791-7549"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14490",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224333640",
  "pdf_url": "https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/invivo/40/6/3467.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13723966",
  "pmid": "42957223",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "International Institute of Anticancer Research",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5g0f852jse94q.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:30Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13723966",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14490"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dose-dependent Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type E in the Mouse Digit Abduction Score Model",
  "title_text": "Dose-dependent Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type E in the Mouse Digit Abduction Score Model",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5g0f852jse94q",
  "venue": "In Vivo",
  "versions": []
}