{
  "abstract": "Adhesive capsulitis is a disabling shoulder disorder characterized by progressive pain and capsular fibrosis, for which intra-articular corticosteroid injection provides only short-term anti-inflammatory relief without directly targeting fibrosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in other organ systems, but their potential in musculoskeletal fibrosis is unexplored. We evaluated intra-articular liraglutide in a rat model of adhesive capsulitis. Thirty rats were allocated at the outset into a non-immobilized sham group and four immobilized groups (saline, triamcinolone, low-dose liraglutide, high-dose liraglutide); two rats died during immobilization, leaving 28 for analysis. After 6 weeks of shoulder immobilization, each immobilized rat received a single intra-articular injection of its assigned agent. Passive shoulder abduction angle, capsular thickness, and immunohistochemical markers of fibrosis were assessed. A linear mixed-effects model showed a significant group-by-time interaction for abduction angle ( p = 0.002); at 3 weeks, all three treatment groups improved significantly more than saline. Capsular thickness and fibronectin expression were significantly lower than saline in all three treatment groups, while alpha-smooth muscle actin was significantly reduced only with high-dose liraglutide. These findings identify liraglutide as a candidate antifibrotic approach for adhesive capsulitis warranting further preclinical and clinical investigation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Hyun Gon Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jeon Yeong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bo Taek Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dong Hun Suh"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sang Hoon Jeong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yoon Hee Park"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hayan Park"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jae Chul Yoo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jung Ho Park"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hcrmy1teh7ev.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-73949-y",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5hcrmy1teh7ev",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73949-y",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Shoulder Injury and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220834072",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73949-y.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hcrmy1teh7ev.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-73949-y",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73949-y"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Shoulder Injury and Treatment",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Intra-articular injection of liraglutide attenuates capsular fibrosis and improves shoulder range of motion in a rat model of adhesive capsulitis",
  "title_text": "Intra-articular injection of liraglutide attenuates capsular fibrosis and improves shoulder range of motion in a rat model of adhesive capsulitis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hcrmy1teh7ev",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}