{
  "abstract": "Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond radio pulses of unknown origin. Despite extensive follow-up observations, only $\\sim3\\%$ of FRBs have been confirmed as repeaters. It remains unclear whether the rest are truly one-off bursts, or essentially repeating sources that have only been detected once due to limited monitoring time. Using the second CHIME/FRB catalog, we test this debate by comparing non-repeaters with two repeater-based subsamples: the first-detected bursts of repeaters and their highest-fluence bursts. A non-parametric method that accounts for selection effects is employed to derive the energy functions and event rates of these samples. All samples are well described by broken power-law energy distributions with comparable break energies ($\\sim 5\\times10^{38}$ erg), but with significantly different slopes between repeating and non-repeating populations. Their event-rate evolution also differs significantly. Assuming $ρ(z) \\propto (1+z)^B$, we have $B = -5.57^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$ for non-repeaters and $B = -8.63^{+0.46}_{-0.41}$ and $-9.10^{+0.55}_{-0.56}$ for the two repeater samples. Size-matched resampling shows that the repeater event-rate indices lie far outside the 5$σ$ range expected from non-repeater subsamples, ruling out sample size as the reason for the observed difference. These results indicate that at least a subset of one-off FRBs are intrinsically non-repeating, implying that repeating sources may represent a distinct and possibly less common population.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.02037",
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xiao-Fei Dong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qing Pan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yong-Feng Huang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhi-Bin Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hao-Xuan Gao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jin-Jun Geng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xue-Feng Wu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lang Cui"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiu-Juan Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Song-Bo Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Abdusattar Kurban"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chen-Ran Hu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chen Deng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hptg7fgawras.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.02037",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5hptg7fgawras",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02037",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7207806417",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.02037",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-02",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hptg7fgawras.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:16Z",
      "native_id": "2609.02037",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.02037"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Are Repeaters Prevalent Among the Known Fast Radio Burst Sources?",
  "title_text": "Are Repeaters Prevalent Among the Known Fast Radio Burst Sources?",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hptg7fgawras",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}