{
  "abstract": "Chapter 10 of 20 — part of a research treatise in public international law by S.S.Bukhari (The Scholarly Nexus, October 2026), examining ICJ jurisdiction and procedure, expropriation and investment protection, targeted sanctions, the law of the sea, refugee protection, and the formation of customary international law.\n\nThe shareholders as strangers to the claim in Barcelona Traction: custom attributes the loss to the company and leaves its claim to the company's national State, while treaty definitions attribute it to the shareholder through the shares as the investor's own asset.",
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  "article_type": null,
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  "author_total": 1,
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    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "S.S. Bukhari"
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hv741v21z23v.bib",
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  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23475315",
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  "id": "5hv741v21z23v",
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  "pdf_url": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/23475315/files/10_-_Whose_Loss_Is_It.pdf/content",
  "pmcid": null,
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  "published": "2026-10-19",
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  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hv741v21z23v.ris",
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:21:04Z",
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  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Whose Loss Is It? Nationality, the Locally Incorporated Investor and Reflective Loss in the Law of Expropriation",
  "title_text": "Whose Loss Is It? Nationality, the Locally Incorporated Investor and Reflective Loss in the Law of Expropriation",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5hv741v21z23v",
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}