{
  "abstract": "The Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) generates climate extremes that endanger ecosystems, infrastructure, and human well-being worldwide. The response of this system to climate warming is poorly constrained, owing to both data scarcity and uncertainties in climate models. The geochemistry of Galápagos coral skeletons across the past millennium reveals a large recent increase in interannual variability of sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific compared with that in existing paleorecords that exceeds simulated natural variability. This increase parallels rising global temperature and results from stronger El Niño events. Central Pacific coral data also show increased variability, although less distinctly than in the Galápagos. Our results provide long-term context for understanding ENSO variability trends, with troubling implications for climate extremes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
    "Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA",
    "School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK",
    "Bren School of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA",
    "Environmental Studies and Science Program, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, USA",
    "Department of Earth Science and Environmental Change, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA",
    "School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA",
    "Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Julia E. Cole",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3389-7809"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "D. M. Thompson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6181-1259"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kelsey A. Dyez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8347-3089"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cameron J. Tripp",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-1912-317X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "A. W. Tudhope",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1819-3325"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Marcus Löfverström",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8016-865X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Samantha L. Stevenson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1223-8521"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "J. M. Okun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "A. E. Lawman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8488-5058"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "J. L. Conroy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jonathan T. Overpeck",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3843-9313"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gloria Jimenez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8969-7486"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Richard Lawrence Edwards",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7027-5881"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5jy1s8nkqj619.bib",
  "cited_by": 6,
  "doi": "10.1126/science.ady2660",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5jy1s8nkqj619",
  "issns": [
    "0036-8075",
    "0193-4511",
    "1095-9203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ady2660",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Climate variability and models"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204440948",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": "42658966",
  "published": "2026-08-27",
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5jy1s8nkqj619.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:59Z",
      "native_id": "W7204440948",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ady2660"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Climate variability and models",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Recent strengthening of eastern Pacific ENSO in the last millennium paleorecord",
  "title_text": "Recent strengthening of eastern Pacific ENSO in the last millennium paleorecord",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:21Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5jy1s8nkqj619",
  "venue": "Science",
  "versions": []
}