{
  "abstract": "We introduce a framework for multi-bit text watermarking with security defined directly through $f$-divergence from the base language model distribution. Unlike prior approaches that focus on average-key distortion-freeness or a particular statistical distance, our formulation supports general $f$-divergences, including total variation and KL divergence, and enforces the guarantee for each realized key and embedded message. We develop a coding-based watermarking scheme that optimally biases next-token distributions subject to a prescribed divergence budget, and characterize the resulting tradeoff between embedding rate, decoding reliability, and statistical security. Experimentally, we compare our method against prior multi-bit watermarking schemes across modern language models and payload regimes. Our approach achieves substantially lower watermark detectability while maintaining competitive message-recovery performance and generation quality. Our results provide a unified view of secure multi-bit watermarking and recover several commonly used security notions as special cases.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.05712",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Benjamin D. Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wanrong Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weitong Ruan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lav R. Varshney"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel Alabi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5k4qx5mrn02hd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.05712",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5k4qx5mrn02hd",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05712",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.AI"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.CR"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.IT"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.IT"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1707|Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220682544",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.05712",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5k4qx5mrn02hd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:10Z",
      "native_id": "2610.05712",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05712"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.IT",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "SimpleMark: Fast Multi-Bit Text Watermarking under f -Divergence Constraints",
  "title_text": "SimpleMark: Fast Multi-Bit Text Watermarking under f -Divergence Constraints",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5k4qx5mrn02hd",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}