{
  "abstract": "Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. In Shenzhen, breast cancer screening is available through both a government-funded free program and a range of out-of-pocket or employer-sponsored options; however, evidence on factors associated with sustained screening remains limited. This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect associations of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and health belief model (HBM) constructs with self-reported sustained breast cancer screening among women in Shenzhen, China.\n\nMethods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen, China, from November to December 2024, using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and HBM constructs (five-point Likert scale) were collected. A structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to examine direct and indirect pathways linking sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and HBM constructs to self-reported sustained breast cancer screening. Model fit was assessed using chi-square statistic divided by degrees of freedom (χ ² / df ), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR).\n\nResults: A total of 1,665 women were analyzed; 70.2% (1,169/1,665) had self-reported sustained breast cancer screening. The SEM showed good fit ( χ 2 / df =3.635; CFI = 0.960; TLI = 0.924; RMSEA = 0.040, SRMR = 0.022). Among the six HBM constructs, cues to action ( β standardized = 0.106, p = 0.013) were positively associated with self-reported sustained breast cancer screening, whereas perceived barriers ( β standardized = −0.165, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with this outcome. Additionally, age ( β standardized = −0.010, p = 0.029), educational level ( β standardized = 0.020, p < 0.001), average monthly income per household ( β standardized = 0.016, p = 0.002), and history of breast diseases ( β standardized = 0.011, p = 0.011) were indirectly associated with self-reported sustained breast cancer screening through perceived barriers. Moreover, history of breast diseases ( β standardized = 0.013, p = 0.028) was additionally indirectly associated with self-reported sustained breast cancer screening through cues to action. Furthermore, age ( β standardized = −0.003, p = 0.045), marital status ( β standardized = 0.003, p = 0.019) and history of breast diseases ( β standardized = 0.005, p < 0.001) were indirectly associated with self-reported sustained breast cancer screening through the sequential pathway involving cues to action and perceived barriers.\n\nConclusion: Cues to action and perceived barriers were key factors associated with self-reported sustained breast cancer screening. Targeted interventions that strengthen cues to action and reduce perceived barriers may help promote sustained breast cancer screening.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Women and Children’s Medical Center, Southern Medical University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shuyan Jin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaofeng Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xueyu Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenxia Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huan Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuqin Gu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bo Wu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5mf3xvarz3jah.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1936136",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662284/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "5mf3xvarz3jah",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13662284",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Global Cancer Incidence and Screening"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214940459",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13662284/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13662284",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5mf3xvarz3jah.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13662284",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13662284"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1936136",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1936136/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Global Cancer Incidence and Screening",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Determinants of self-reported sustained breast cancer screening among women in Shenzhen, China: a study based on the health belief model",
  "title_text": "Determinants of self-reported sustained breast cancer screening among women in Shenzhen, China: a study based on the health belief model",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5mf3xvarz3jah",
  "venue": "Frontiers in public health",
  "versions": []
}