{
  "abstract": "Background: Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gynecological malignancy. Current guidelines do not recommend routine cancer screening after hysterectomy for non-cervical conditions based on the assumption of negligible risk. However, clinical characteristics of vaginal SCC in post-hysterectomy women remain inadequately defined, particularly for those with non-cervical indications.\n\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 227 patients with vaginal SCC diagnosed at a Chinese tertiary center between 2017 and 2025. Clinical characteristics, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) status, diagnostic yields of cytology, colposcopy, ultrasound and MRI, and latency from hysterectomy to cancer diagnosis were analyzed.\n\nResults: We found that 66.5% (151/227) of vaginal SCC cases occurred in women with prior hysterectomy; 86.1% had surgery for cervical lesions and 13.9% for non-cervical indications. The overall high-risk HPV positivity rate was 94.7%, with HPV16 predominating (74.9%). Regular post-hysterectomy surveillance was associated with earlier stage at diagnosis: 90.6% of surveilled patients presented with stage I disease versus 65.8% of non-surveilled patients. Latency to diagnosis was significantly shorter for women with prior cervical lesions (median 46.5 versus 120 months). Cytology and colposcopy demonstrated diagnostic yields exceeding 90%, while imaging showed lower detection rates.\n\nConclusions: Vaginal SCC after hysterectomy is predominantly HPV-driven, including in women with non-cervical indications. Regular post-hysterectomy surveillance is strongly associated with earlier stage at diagnosis. While universal screening is not warranted due to disease rarity, these findings support individualized HPV-informed risk counseling for sexually active women after hysterectomy and reinforce current surveillance recommendations for those with prior cervical lesions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Medical Center for Lower Genital Tract & Anal Diseases and Shanghai Jiai Genetic & IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fengyi Xiao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8029-439X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Min Xiao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tingting Su"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Long Sui"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5mzah9a7e33mr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s43856-026-01803-3",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13748595/",
  "id": "5mzah9a7e33mr",
  "issns": [
    "2730-664X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01803-3",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Cervical Cancer and HPV Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7169657634",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13748595",
  "pmid": "42471451",
  "published": "2026-07-18",
  "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5mzah9a7e33mr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-13T12:26:34Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13748595",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01803-3"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Cervical Cancer and HPV Research",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical characteristics and diagnostic performance of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma after hysterectomy",
  "title_text": "Clinical characteristics and diagnostic performance of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma after hysterectomy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-14T12:21:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5mzah9a7e33mr",
  "venue": "Communications Medicine",
  "versions": []
}