{
  "abstract": "Diabetic amputees face elevated risks of skin breakdown, infection, and vascular problems, so far, no consensus-driven framework identifies which health domains should be prioritized critically for continuous monitoring in prosthetic environments. This article sought to establish an expert-consensus hierarchy of monitoring priorities to guide the development of future sensor-based prosthetic health-monitoring systems. A three-round Delphi survey was completed by 12 specialists who scored nine predefined health-monitoring domains using a weighted (Severity 40%—Frequency 30%—Preventability 30%) model. Median and interquartile range (IQR) guided round-to-round convergence. Final agreement was measured using Kendall’s W, and inter-rater reliability using ICC (3,1). Bootstrap resampling with 5000 iterations and jackknife sensitivity analysis were used to examine ranking stability. Final expert agreement was Kendall’s W = 0.98, and inter-rater reliability was ICC (3,1) = 0.96. Skin integrity and wound monitoring ranked first, followed by blood flow and vascular health, and temperature monitoring. Humidity and moisture accumulation, sweat and pH levels, and real-time data collection and alerts formed a middle-priority group. Mechanical stability and prosthetic fit, mental and emotional well-being, and battery life and power efficiency were ranked lower but remained relevant supporting domains. Ranking stability was supported by bootstrap and jackknife analyses. This study provides an expert-consensus hierarchy of monitoring priorities for diabetic amputees. The findings may help guide future sensor selection, prosthetic-interface monitoring, and research design. However, the hierarchy should not be interpreted as a clinically validated monitoring protocol, and further patient-centered and real-world validation is required.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University",
    "Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed Q. Abdulhasan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jumaa S. Chiad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Firas M. Abdulghani"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5nb79vz6f49bd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-61634-z",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61634-z",
  "id": "5nb79vz6f49bd",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61634-z",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "Q"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7170390541",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-61634-z_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5nb79vz6f49bd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:56Z",
      "native_id": "0874145d69924d91b68bd8e36cec9539",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61634-z"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Expert consensus identifies priorities for continuous prosthetic health monitoring in diabetic amputees",
  "title_text": "Expert consensus identifies priorities for continuous prosthetic health monitoring in diabetic amputees",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5nb79vz6f49bd",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}