{
  "abstract": "γδ T cells are becoming increasingly appreciated for their antitumour capacity and role in mediating responses to immune checkpoint blockade1–3. Unlike classical αβ T cells, the degree to which γδ T cells rely on their T cell receptors (TCRs) to induce antitumour responses remains unclear. The challenge of distinguishing γδ T cells with tumour-reactive TCRs from bystander γδ T cells limits our understanding of tumour-reactive γδ T cell biology and the translation of their TCRs into immunotherapeutics. Here we present PreGame, a machine-learning algorithm capable of identifying tumour-reactive γδ T cells from single-cell CITE sequencing data. We use PreGame to identify tumour-reactive γδ T cells from patients with multiple myeloma or other solid cancers, and confirm the specificity of their TCRs to tumour cells. Clinically, we demonstrate that expansion of tumour-reactive γδ T cells is an early biomarker of response in patients with multiple myeloma receiving combination therapy with belantamab mafodotin. We also identify a γδ TCR epitope in the ubiquitously expressed HLA-C protein and a logic gate that enables tumour immunosurveillance. Thus, PreGame is a versatile tool that can accelerate our understanding of γδ T cell biology and facilitate the translation of γδ TCRs into universal therapeutics.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario Canada",
    "Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Computer Science and Technology, Algoma University, Brampton, Ontario Canada",
    "Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada",
    "Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China",
    "Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada",
    "Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada",
    "London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario Canada",
    "CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada",
    "Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta Canada",
    "Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada",
    "Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG), Vaughan, Ontario Canada",
    "Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario Canada"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 47,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Michael St. Paul",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5213-6415"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liam D. Hendrikse",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0253-8512"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fan Ying"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bryan E. Snow"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ping Luo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0039-747X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Simone Helke"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Logan K. Smith"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Arwa Hilal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Dor D. Abelman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6765-4733"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nisha Ramamurthy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hayley Nault"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ellen N. Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Matthew J. Gold"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chantal Tobin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Scott C. Lien"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenjing Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xin Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dat Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Oluwatobi Agbede"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Stephanie Pedersen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jenna Eagles"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mary E. Saunders"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Thorsten Berger"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrew Wakeham"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "David S. Scott"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dalam Ly",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1177-0225"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cecilia Bonolo de Campos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Guanghao Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Chunxing Zheng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8668-0873"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wesley V. Wilson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Esther Masih-Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Darrell White"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Arleigh McCurdy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Martha L. Louzada"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Rami Kotb"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Michael P. Chu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Stephen Parkin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Donna Reece"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Engin Gul",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3922-3215"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rodger Tiedemann",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1743-8810"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Trevor J. Pugh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Naoto Hirano",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9070-4754"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Pamela S. Ohashi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "A. Keith Stewart"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Suzanne Trudel",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7952-6352"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tak W. Mak",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6766-861X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5nk6r374mhh6a.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41586-026-11055-9",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13736537/",
  "id": "5nk6r374mhh6a",
  "issns": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11055-9",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
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      "2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology"
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  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13736537",
  "pmid": "42749802",
  "published": "2026-09-16",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5nk6r374mhh6a.ris",
  "sources": [
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      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:21:57Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13736537",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-11055-9"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
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  ],
  "title": "Identification of broadly tumour-reactive γδ TCRs from multiple myeloma",
  "title_text": "Identification of broadly tumour-reactive γδ TCRs from multiple myeloma",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:21:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5nk6r374mhh6a",
  "venue": "Nature",
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}