{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nNanoparticle coatings on orthodontic brackets have antibacterial potential but may alter surface roughness and friction at the bracket-archwire interface. This study compared the surface roughness and static frictional resistance of stainless steel brackets coated with silver-impregnated copper oxide (CuO+Ag) or silver-impregnated titanium dioxide (TiO₂+Ag) nanoparticles with those of uncoated brackets.\n\nMaterials and methods\n\nThirty stainless steel maxillary central incisor brackets (0.022-inch slot) were allocated into three groups (n = 10 each): uncoated control, CuO+Ag-coated, and TiO₂+Ag-coated. Arithmetic average roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq), and maximum peak-to-valley height (Rz) were measured by atomic force microscopy as received (T0), after coating (T1), and after friction testing (T2). Static friction was measured using a universal testing machine with a 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire in artificial saliva. Data were analyzed using one-way or Welch analysis of variance with post hoc tests and paired t-tests (p < 0.05).\n\nResults\n\nBaseline roughness was comparable among the groups. At T1, CuO+Ag increased Ra, Rq, and Rz, whereas TiO₂+Ag increased Ra and Rq but decreased Rz (paired t-test, |t(9)| ≥ 10.82, p < 0.001). Static friction differed among the groups (F(2, 27) = 9.15, p < 0.001, η² = 0.404). CuO+Ag showed the lowest friction (36.31 ± 3.90 gf), significantly lower than the control (41.65 ± 4.77 gf; q = 3.82, p = 0.031) and TiO₂+Ag (44.65 ± 4.53 gf; q = 5.97, p < 0.001), whereas TiO₂+Ag did not differ from the control (q = 2.15, p = 0.298). Roughness increased in all groups after friction testing (t(9) ≥ 33.48, p < 0.001), with smaller increases in the coated groups.\n\nConclusions\n\nBoth nanocoatings altered bracket surface roughness. CuO+Ag significantly reduced static frictional resistance and appears promising for further investigation as an orthodontic bracket coating.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, IND",
    "Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Care Dental College, Guntur, IND"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Devireddy Alekhya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Panaka Padma Prathyusha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Greeshma M Harini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Perala Johnson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Uday Kumar Digumarthi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ganugapanta Vivek Reddy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gowri Sankar Singaraju"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Prasad Mandava"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5p8xn3t2j5y4g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.7759/cureus.118793",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722358/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "5p8xn3t2j5y4g",
  "issns": [
    "2168-8184"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722358",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Dentistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3505|Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224300677",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722358/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722358",
  "pmid": "42964898",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "Cureus Inc.",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5p8xn3t2j5y4g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13722358",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722358"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722358",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.118793"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of Hybrid Copper Oxide-Silver and Titanium Dioxide-Silver Nanocoatings on the Surface Roughness and Friction of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets: A Comparative In Vitro Study",
  "title_text": "Effects of Hybrid Copper Oxide-Silver and Titanium Dioxide-Silver Nanocoatings on the Surface Roughness and Friction of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets: A Comparative In Vitro Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5p8xn3t2j5y4g",
  "venue": "Cureus",
  "versions": []
}