{
  "abstract": "Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have shown clinical benefit, ICBs exert limited effects on most “immune‐cold” solid tumors, i.e., tumors with low immune infiltration. Photothermal immunotherapy (PTIT) converts “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors, thereby enhancing immune responses and improving ICB efficacy. Hence, developing a strategy that can integrate PTIT and ICB treatment is desirable. In this study, we designed a unique carrier‐free PSP@IR‐CF3 nanofiber, self‐assembled from the programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) targeting immune‐peptide NTGYFYGDQ (PSP) and a PTIT agent (IR‐CF3). The nanofibers enable precise tumor targeting and immune checkpoint inhibition by specifically binding to PD‐L1 on the tumor cell surface, also providing an NIR‐mediated photothermal effect. Combining PSP@IR‐CF3 nanofibers with NIR induced mild PTIT, which effectively activated the tumor immune microenvironment and suppressed tumor growth with lower immunotoxicity. Additionally, we identified activation of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) /AKT/mTOR axis following PTIT, suggesting a potential role in post‐treatment tumor survival and recurrence. By incorporating the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, the combination treatment further enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced tumor recurrence.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Radiology State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China",
    "CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China",
    "School Medical Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Academy of Intelligent Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China",
    "Department of Radiology Peking University People's Hospital Beijing China",
    "Department of Interventional Radiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning China",
    "Laboratory Animal Research Facility National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China",
    "Department of Radiation Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan Shandong China",
    "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xinyu Zhang",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-9262-0329"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zhenqi Jiang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2685-1327"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Wenjia Zhang",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-2262-5008"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Juncheng Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Haozhuo Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Changlei Li",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-5447-7501"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mingwei Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoying Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yue Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Wei Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huadan Xue",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4278-2165"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Yang Du",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1564-1842"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5pf0t7601yn77.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/advs.78434",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13696528/",
  "id": "5pf0t7601yn77",
  "issns": [
    "2198-3844"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78434",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223559410",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13696528?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13696528",
  "pmid": "42928043",
  "published": "2026-10-25",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5pf0t7601yn77.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:52Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13696528",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.78434"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42928043",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928043"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Combined Immune‐Peptide Nanofiber with HSP70/AKT/mTOR Axis Blockade Enhances Photothermal Immunotherapy, Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Recurrence",
  "title_text": "Combined Immune‐Peptide Nanofiber with HSP70/AKT/mTOR Axis Blockade Enhances Photothermal Immunotherapy, Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Recurrence",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:33:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5pf0t7601yn77",
  "venue": "Advanced Science",
  "versions": []
}