{
  "abstract": "Given the growing emphasis on the efficient application of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant genome editing, there is a need for methodologies that enhance targeted mutagenesis efficiency. In the present study, we utilized stable transgenic maize callus tissues harboring active CRISPR/Cas9 vector systems targeting either the abnormal cytokinin response 1 (ARE1) gene or the potassium channel gene (KAT2). The presented DNA sequencing data indicate that the KAT2-targeting vector, which utilizes a 3'-end truncated guide RNA, retained mutagenic activity, albeit at a notably low frequency. We quantified mutagenic events following exposure to elevated temperatures (37 °C for 48 h) and various chromatin-modifying compounds, including sodium butyrate (NaBt), nicotinamide (NA), and 5-azacytidine (AZA). High-temperature treatment alone increased the frequency of nucleotide deletions (5.8-fold relative to the untreated samples) in the ARE1 target gene. Conversely, in the KAT2 gene, both deletions and insertions were stimulated (6.4 and 6.2-fold, respectively). As a novel approach, we evaluated the mutagenic efficacy of chromatin-modifying compounds administered in conjunction with heat treatment. The combined application of NaBt and AZA with elevated temperature was particularly effective in increasing insertion frequencies; in the ARE1 (with NaBt + heat: 17.3-fold) and KAT2 (with AZA + heat: 21.4-fold) genes. Cell cycle analysis of suspension-cultured cells revealed that chromatin-modifying treatments altered cell cycle progression, evidenced by an accumulation of cells in the G2 phase and a significant reduction in the number of mitotic cells. Subsequent DNA sequencing demonstrated a differential increase in the induction of deletions and insertions, alongside an expansion of the deleted regions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.",
    "Functional Cell Biology and Immunology Advanced Core Facility (FCBI-ACF), Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), Szeged, Hungary.",
    "Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Interdisciplinary R&D and Innovation Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.",
    "Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.",
    "Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bettina Nagy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aysha Jameel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gábor V Horváth"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Katalin Török"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ferhan Ayaydin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Nikolett László"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Divya Teja Dondapati"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sándor Mórocz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zoltán Zombori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Györgyi Ferenc"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dénes Dudits"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5pqbfq92j094f.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fgeed.2026.1924094",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683662",
  "id": "5pqbfq92j094f",
  "issns": [
    "2673-3439"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909021",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|CRISPR and Genetic Engineering"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220832856",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683662?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13683662",
  "pmid": "42909021",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5pqbfq92j094f.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42909021",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909021"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|CRISPR and Genetic Engineering",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Variable alterations in frequencies of CRISPR/Cas9-induced nucleotide deletion and insertion in transgenic maize callus tissues exposed to chromatin modifiers.",
  "title_text": "Variable alterations in frequencies of CRISPR/Cas9-induced nucleotide deletion and insertion in transgenic maize callus tissues exposed to chromatin modifiers.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5pqbfq92j094f",
  "venue": "Frontiers in genome editing",
  "versions": []
}