{
  "abstract": "The r-modes in rotating neutron stars are a promising source of continuous gravitational waves, and may grow or be excited to amplitudes $α\\lesssim1$. We perform general relativistic simulations of nonlinear $l=|m|=2$ r-modes in a rapidly rotating neutron star with spin frequency $f_{spin}\\approx792$ Hz, relaxing the Cowling and small-$α$ approximations. The star is idealised as an unmagnetised, one-component, perfect fluid with a polytropic equation of state. The r-mode frequency is measured to be $f_{r-mode}=1014$ Hz for initial amplitude $α_0=0.2$. The dimensionless frequency $κ\\approx0.7197$ agrees with an estimate from linear perturbation theory to within 1.7%. $f_{r-mode}$ increases quadratically with amplitude, and $κ$ decreases by 3.4% across simulations where $α_0$ is varied through the range $0.2\\leqα_0\\leq1.2$. The gravitational wave strain calculated from the Newman-Penrose scalar implies $h_{r-mode}\\approx9.7\\times10^{-22}$ at $10$ kpc for $α_0=0.2$, which agrees with Einstein's quadrupole formula to within 35%. We also report on nonlinear phenomena observed in our simulations, e.g. differential rotation, amplitude decay, and signatures of nonlinear mode coupling in the spacetime oscillations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.29259",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Justin K. Yu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrew Melatos"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rafhp0k9ceq2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.29259",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5rafhp0k9ceq2",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29259",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223236255",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.29259",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rafhp0k9ceq2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:34:19Z",
      "native_id": "2610.29259",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29259"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:gr-qc",
      "subfield": "gravitation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "General Relativistic Simulations of the Nonlinear Evolution of r-modes in Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars",
  "title_text": "General Relativistic Simulations of the Nonlinear Evolution of r-modes in Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rafhp0k9ceq2",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aeb4b7",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}