{
  "abstract": "Background: Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Transcutaneous auricular trigeminal nerve stimulation (taTNS) has emerged as a non-invasive neuromodulation approach targeting trigeminal pathways involved in pain modulation. Objective: To investigate the effects of taTNS on migraine pain intensity, sleep quality, disability, and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in patients with migraine. Materials and Methods: This randomized, participant- and assessor-blind, sham-controlled trial included 102 participants who received taTNS (n = 51) or sham taTNS (n = 51). Active taTNS was administered bilaterally at 60 Hz, 250 μs, and up to 16 mA for 20 min, three times weekly for 12 weeks; sham stimulation used identical electrode placement at 0 mA. The primary outcome measures were migraine pain intensity (VAS), migraine-related disability (MIDAS) and sleep quality (PSQI); secondary outcomes included HRV, assessed using the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Results: At post-intervention, VAS and MIDAS scores were significantly lower in the taTNS group than in the sham-taTNS group (both p < 0.001), whereas PSQI scores did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.870). RMSSD was significantly higher in the taTNS group than in the sham-taTNS group (p = 0.013), whereas the between-group difference in SDNN was not statistically significant (p = 0.187). Conclusions: Compared with sham stimulation, taTNS was associated with greater reductions in migraine pain intensity and migraine-related disability, but no significant between-group difference was observed in sleep quality.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Türkiye",
    "Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Şiran Dursun Keleş School of Health Services, Gümüşhane University, 29100 Gümüşhane, Türkiye",
    "Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Health Services Vocational School, Bahcesehir University, 34353 Istanbul, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Semiha Yenişehir",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3928-2207"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alper Perçin",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7974-6945"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ali Veysel Özden",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2349-996X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rk6hdxtyeykf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15218395",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5rk6hdxtyeykf",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8395",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Migraine and Headache Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224135171",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rk6hdxtyeykf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:01Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15218395",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/21/8395"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Migraine and Headache Studies",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficacy of Transcutaneous Auricular Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation in Migraine: A Randomized, Participant- and Assessor-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial",
  "title_text": "Efficacy of Transcutaneous Auricular Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation in Migraine: A Randomized, Participant- and Assessor-Blinded, Sham-Controlled Trial",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rk6hdxtyeykf",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}