{
  "abstract": "Objective\n\nTo characterize the metabolic and inflammatory signatures distinguishing fatigued from non-fatigued HIV immunological non-responders (INRs) and to explore candidate biomarkers and potential mechanistic pathways underlying HIV-associated fatigue.Methods\n\nWe performed untargeted metabolomics and cytokinomics on plasma obtained from 18 fatigued and 17 non-fatigued HIV-INRs. Mechanistic insights were explored via Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses.Results\n\nCompared to non-fatigued controls, the fatigued cohort showed significant up-regulation of 4-ketopimelic acid, cholesterol, and 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, with concurrent down-regulation of DL-arginine and D-pipecolic acid (P < 0.05). Immunologically, the fatigued group displayed elevated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) but reduced interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels (P < 0.05). Functional enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of necroptosis, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis signaling pathways.Conclusion\n\nFatigue in HIV-INRs receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy was associated with distinct lipidomic and cytokinomic alterations. These results underscore the potential roles of dysregulated fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation in the pathophysiology of fatigue. Cholesterol and IL-18 emerged as candidate biomarkers associated with HIV-associated fatigue; however, their combined discriminatory performance was not statistically validated in this exploratory study and requires confirmation in larger, independent cohorts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , ,",
    "Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Jianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Baixue Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xi Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jibin Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Li Wen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhengnan Shen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hang Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Peijie Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Quansheng Feng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rngafjbq66sd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fcimb.2026.1932594",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13716617/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "5rngafjbq66sd",
  "issns": [
    "2235-2988"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13716617",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222317906",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13716617/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13716617",
  "pmid": "42959138",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rngafjbq66sd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13716617",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13716617"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959138",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959138"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:52Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13716617",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1932594"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2406|HIV Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Integrated multi-omics reveals plasma biomarkers of fatigue in HIV immunological non-responders",
  "title_text": "Integrated multi-omics reveals plasma biomarkers of fatigue in HIV immunological non-responders",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5rngafjbq66sd",
  "venue": "Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology",
  "versions": []
}