{
  "abstract": "Earth’s oceans cover 70% of the planet yet remain among the least observed regions. Underwater acoustics is a primary sensing modality, but recordings span biological, anthropogenic and natural sounds while labels remain sparse. We present an unknownness-aware monitoring framework for underwater acoustic sensing platforms: it adapts a pre-trained audio representation model to underwater soundscapes, defines an embedding-space unknownness score, and couples it with detector outputs in a Detect–Group–Promote–Union (DGPU) loop tuned under false positives per hour (FP/h) constraints: Detect surfaces candidate events from continuous audio; Group clusters unknown candidates in embedding space; Promote trains lightweight classifiers from sparse expert labels on selected clusters; and Union combines baseline and promoted detectors. Across a 56-class underwater Sound Event Detection (SED) benchmark and two cetacean field datasets, the framework attains a dataset-level bandwidth-matched out-of-distribution AUROC of 1.000 on Hawaiian survey data (HICEAS), raises right-whale upcall detection recall on continuous recordings (FRDR) from 0.027 to 0.390 at FP/h ≈ 10 with a supervised Promoter, with 300 labelled events (~ 32% of training-fold labels) reaching 0.37 (95% of the full-label recall), and classifies seven HICEAS cetacean species with the Promoter classifier alone (AUC 0.924–0.992 within-day and 0.51–0.97 cross-day with a fixed classifier), supporting stethoscope-like ocean monitoring.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Takuji Noda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Takuya Koizumi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5s42hdr4ad2vq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-73751-w",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5s42hdr4ad2vq",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73751-w",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2303|Marine animal studies overview"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7216072693",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73751-w_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5s42hdr4ad2vq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-73751-w",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73751-w"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2303|Marine animal studies overview",
      "subfield": "ecology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Discovery and promotion of unknown sounds into operational detection targets for underwater passive acoustic monitoring under false alarm constraints",
  "title_text": "Discovery and promotion of unknown sounds into operational detection targets for underwater passive acoustic monitoring under false alarm constraints",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5s42hdr4ad2vq",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}