{
  "abstract": "Over the past decade, studies revisiting the classical charge-density-wave system 1T-TiSe₂, long understood to host the 2 × 2 triple-q order with equivalent subcomponents, have suggested that these subcomponents may not be identical, challenging a 50-year-old paradigm. Here, we demonstrate not only that these subcomponents are non-identical but also that they develop sequentially rather than simultaneously. By tracking folded-band features, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals that a unidirectional 2 × 1 single-q order stabilizes first, while the other two components emerge sequentially at lower temperatures, completing the triple-q phase. Our free-energy analysis explains this hierarchy through repulsive coupling among the three subcomponents, as supported by first-principles calculations incorporating phonon anharmonicity. Consequently, the three subcomponents are inequivalent in both phase and amplitude. These results reconcile reported symmetry breaking and differing characteristic temperatures and establish a framework in which ostensibly simple, high-symmetry charge-density order emerges from temperature-dependent competition and cooperation among inequivalent subcomponents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.",
    "Department of Physics and Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",
    "Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.",
    "Center for Semiconductor Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",
    "Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián, Spain.",
    "Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.",
    "Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.",
    "Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.",
    "Department of Physics and Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ywchoi02@sogang.ac.kr.",
    "Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. gilyoungcho@kaist.ac.kr.",
    "Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea. gilyoungcho@kaist.ac.kr.",
    "Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. yeongkwan@kaist.ac.kr."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 19,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kimoon Higashihira Han",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0489-4940"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dongju Hwang",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-4223-6525"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dongsin Kim",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-1838-2142"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yeojin Ahn"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jaehun Cha",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9072-0954"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Seonggeon Gim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Gyubin Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mingi Jho"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Chan-Young Lim",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7354-6600"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Sae Hee Ryu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3207-7582"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Chris Jozwiak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0980-3753"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Aaron Bostwick",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9008-2980"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Eli Rotenberg",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3979-8844"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Jonathan D Denlinger",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7645-1631"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Makoto Hashimoto",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1689-8997"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Donghui Lu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0443"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Young Woo Choi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4725-1299"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Gil Young Cho",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4957-3013"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Yeongkwan Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1408-0550"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5t06xcf7m14wn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-78072-0",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13720096",
  "id": "5t06xcf7m14wn",
  "issns": [
    "2041-1723"
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  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42957650",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
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      "heading",
      "Article"
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      "2505|2D Materials and Applications"
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  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13720096?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13720096",
  "pmid": "42957650",
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5t06xcf7m14wn.ris",
  "sources": [
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      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:29Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-78072-0"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|2D Materials and Applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
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  ],
  "title": "Unexpected stabilization of a single-q charge density wave in pristine 1T-TiSe₂.",
  "title_text": "Unexpected stabilization of a single-q charge density wave in pristine 1T-TiSe₂.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5t06xcf7m14wn",
  "venue": "Nature communications",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.18211",
      "pid": "3q3jtah6pfagb",
      "relation": "preprint",
      "title": "Unexpected stabilization of a single-$q$ charge density wave in pristine 1T-TiSe$_2$",
      "venue": "arXiv"
    }
  ]
}