{
  "abstract": "Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes with limited targeted therapeutic options, highlighting the need for innovative, biocompatible treatment strategies. Plant-mediated green synthesis offers a sustainable route for gold nanoparticle (AuNP) fabrication with enhanced biological functionality. In this study, Ziziphus nummularia ethanolic extract (ZNE) was employed as a reducing and capping agent to synthesize stable, crystalline, and predominantly spherical gold nanoparticles (ZNE-AuNPs). Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed successful nanoparticle formation and phytochemical capping. Importantly, this work provides novel biological and mechanistic insights into the anticancer effects of ZNE-AuNPs specifically in TNBC. ZNE-AuNPs exhibited notable antioxidant activity and significantly reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. For the first time, the anticancer activity of ZNE-AuNPs in TNBC was mechanistically linked to the suppression of cellular proliferation (decreased Ki-67), induction of apoptosis (modulation of BAX, BCL-2, and caspase-3), and inhibition of ERK phosphorylation, implicating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings support Ziziphus nummularia-derived AuNPs as a sustainable nanotherapeutic platform and establish their previously unexplored mechanistic relevance in TNBC.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Rola Abdallah"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rami Abdel-Rahem"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adnan Badran"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mayyas Al-Remawi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Serine Baydoun"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mikhael Bechelany"
    },
    {
      "name": "Digambara Patra"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elias Baydoun"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5tpfnm1tee3tp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-62225-8",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62225-8",
  "id": "5tpfnm1tee3tp",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-05796407v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "Q"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7169772354",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-05796407/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5tpfnm1tee3tp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:55Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05796407",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-05796407v1"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:57Z",
      "native_id": "7af11f0276d844ce8768710990349aee",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62225-8"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Green Ziziphus nummularia gold nanoparticles: antioxidant and anticancer activity in TNBC",
  "title_text": "Green Ziziphus nummularia gold nanoparticles: antioxidant and anticancer activity in TNBC",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:45:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5tpfnm1tee3tp",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}