{
  "abstract": "Wax deposition in high-wax-content oils can impair low-temperature transport, while single flow improvers often provide limited control over the overall deposition process. To improve wax deposition inhibition through functional complementarity, a PAO/pour point depressant (PPD)/SiO2-IL ternary formulation was developed. Alkyl-imidazolium-functionalized SiO2 materials with C2, C4, and C6 chains were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM. Wax deposition was evaluated using a static cold-finger method at a bulk-oil temperature of 55 °C and a cold-finger temperature of 25 °C. A model oil containing 20 wt% paraffin and a deposition time of 2 h was selected for formulation evaluation. The binary formulation containing 40 ppm PAO and 100 ppm JN-3 achieved a wax deposition inhibition efficiency of 67.53%. Among the SiO2-IL materials, Sil@HIL (C6) showed comparatively high performance, with its highest inhibition at 200 ppm within the tested dosage range. The resulting ternary formulation achieved 77.49% inhibition, which is 9.96 percentage points above the binary formulation. These findings indicate that incorporating Sil@HIL into the PAO/JN-3 formulation further improves wax deposition inhibition under the investigated static conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla 841000, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Penggang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mingji Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinsong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Banghui Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Donglei Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junkai Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ying Guo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5twqa1wwpfdma.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31203667",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5twqa1wwpfdma",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3667",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1602|Petroleum Processing and Analysis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221819261",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5twqa1wwpfdma.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31203667",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3667"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1602|Petroleum Processing and Analysis",
      "subfield": "analytical"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Wax Deposition Inhibition Performance of a PAO/Pour Point Depressant/SiO2-IL Ternary System in High-Wax-Content Model Oil",
  "title_text": "Wax Deposition Inhibition Performance of a PAO/Pour Point Depressant/SiO2-IL Ternary System in High-Wax-Content Model Oil",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5twqa1wwpfdma",
  "venue": "Molecules",
  "versions": []
}