{
  "abstract": "Motivation: Antimicrobial resistance databases are central to genomic surveillance, but resistance determinants remain distributed across resources with different scopes, structures, and annotations.\n\nResults: We developed PanRes, a curated resistance database of 11 717 genes integrating acquired and latent determinants of antibiotic, biocide, and metal resistance within a unified ontology. We predicted representative protein structures and clustered them by structural similarity, grouping proteins into 505 high-confidence structurally conserved clusters coherent despite sequence divergence. Their structure-guided alignments were used to build Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for remote homology search. In seven wastewater metagenomes from five European cities, PanRes 3D-based HMMs expanded detection beyond what was possible with BLAST, with 35.3% of retained hits identified only by the HMMs and generally showing greater divergence from known proteins. For beta-lactamases, several proteins retained beta-lactamase-like folds and catalytic geometry despite weak sequence similarity.\n\nAvailability and implementation: PanRes is available through an interactive web platform (https://panres.rambio.dk/), a structure-informed resource for exploring the whole resistome. The database, HMM profiles, and ontology are available at Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.22876216).",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby,",
    "Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås,",
    "Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) , 17003 Girona, Catalonia"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Martina Vojtková",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-3631-3805"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Martynas Baltušis",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-1613-6573"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hannah-Marie Martiny",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6733-7888"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amulya Baral",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-6751-6904"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nikiforos Pyrounakis",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-1510-8852"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Attila Beleon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6082-6088"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca Freitag",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9425-7349"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Anna Pico-Tomàs",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6511-6600"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rolf Sommer Kaas",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5050-8668"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Thomas N Petersen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2484-5716"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Munk",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8813-4019"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5vrgpshqysdjb.bib",
  "cited_by": 4,
  "doi": "10.1093/bioinformatics/btag776",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13715038/",
  "id": "5vrgpshqysdjb",
  "issns": [
    "1367-4803",
    "1367-4811"
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  "landing_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag776/8917311",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/SCI01060"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Databases and Ontologies"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Paper"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1313|Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4393638614",
  "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag776/71964206/btag776.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13715038",
  "pmid": "42878386",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5vrgpshqysdjb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:38Z",
      "native_id": "10.1093/bioinformatics/btag776",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/doi/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag776/8917311"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:25Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715038",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btag776"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1367-4803",
      "subfield": "bioinformatics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "PanRes: a database of latent and acquired antimicrobial resistance allowing 3D-based protein homology search",
  "title_text": "PanRes: a database of latent and acquired antimicrobial resistance allowing 3D-based protein homology search",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5vrgpshqysdjb",
  "venue": "Bioinformatics",
  "versions": []
}