{
  "abstract": "This paper investigates safe leader-following consensus of heterogeneous nonlinear Caputo fractional-order multi-agent systems under simultaneous denial-of-service (DoS), sensor-deception, and actuator-deception attacks. A joint augmented observer reconstructs the local state and two deception channels, while a distributed predictor–corrector leader observer operates across normal and DoS intervals. An order-dependent average Mittag–Leffler increment condition is specialized to the considered DoS leader-observation dynamics, thereby avoiding an integer-order switching argument and memory resetting at switching instants. Explicit linear matrix inequalities are provided for the local observer gains, and certified all-time observer envelopes are propagated into a tightened barrier domain so that attack-reconstruction accuracy is quantitatively linked to the physical safety reserve. An innovation-compensated barrier controller with a deadline-dependent gain is then developed. For every initial condition in a prescribed compact safe set, a componentwise Mittag–Leffler inequality guarantees entry into an adjustable residual set no later than a designer-assigned time without claiming exact finite-time convergence of the Caputo state. Two main theorems establish bounded attack reconstruction, DoS-resilient observation, forward invariance of the physical safety set, and practical predefined-time consensus. The numerical study includes a five-follower benchmark, a three-grid refinement analysis, disturbance- and benchmark-gain sensitivity tests, certified post-deadline physical bounds, and a compact two-dimensional case with a nontrivial oscillatory leader for which the adverse-mode rate is strictly positive. These tests verify the observer LMI, analytical safety reserve, DoS condition, and deadline inequality.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30, Nanjing 211816, China",
    "School of Electrical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Laixin Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lingchun Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Guangming Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9566-7865"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wnsh683ewd5e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/fractalfract10100689",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5wnsh683ewd5e",
  "issns": [
    "2504-3110"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/10/10/689",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1705|Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215923547",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wnsh683ewd5e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:32Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/fractalfract10100689",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/10/10/689"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "issn:2504-3110",
      "subfield": "analysis-pdes"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Practical Predefined-Time Safe Resilient Consensus of Heterogeneous Nonlinear Fractional-Order Multi-Agent Systems Under Hybrid Cyber Attacks",
  "title_text": "Practical Predefined-Time Safe Resilient Consensus of Heterogeneous Nonlinear Fractional-Order Multi-Agent Systems Under Hybrid Cyber Attacks",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wnsh683ewd5e",
  "venue": "Fractal and Fractional",
  "versions": []
}