{
  "abstract": "Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that lacks disease-modifying therapies. This study investigated the effects of Extract of Ginkgo biloba L. (EGb) on mitochondrial fission machinery and inflammatory responses in an Aβ1−42-stimulated BV2 microglial model.\n\nMethods: The chemical profile of EGb was qualitatively analyzed using HPLC-MS. BV2 microglial cells were exposed to Aβ1−42. Mitochondrial morphology was observed using high-resolution microscopy; DRP1-MFF and DRP1-FIS1 associations were assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP); dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) were evaluated using image-based phenotypic metrics and Western blotting; interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were measured by ELISA; p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were assessed via high-content screening; mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress and apoptosis-associated changes were detected by fluorescence and spectrophotometry.\n\nResults: Fifty-eight compounds, including ginkgolides, flavonoids and phenolic acids, were tentatively identified. EGb alleviated Aβ1−42-induced mitochondrial structural abnormalities, increased MFF expression, and decreased DRP1 and FIS1 expression. Co-IP analysis indicated the association of DRP1 with MFF and FIS1. EGb also reduced IL-1β release and altered the expression levels of p38, JNK, and ERK, while mitigating ΔΨm loss, alleviating oxidative stress-related changes, and partially reducing apoptosis-associated TUNEL staining.\n\nConclusions: EGb attenuated Aβ1−42-induced injury and modulated mitochondrial fission-related changes in BV2 microglial cells, suggesting a cellular-level protective effect in AD-related microglial dysfunction.\n\nSupplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05485-1.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100049 China",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinyi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dongqi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuzhe Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shiqi Yan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Haolong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinwei Yang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wtzp86rtsfws.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12906-026-05485-1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733030/",
  "id": "5wtzp86rtsfws",
  "issns": [
    "2662-7671"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05485-1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2707|Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171515537",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13733030",
  "pmid": "42983391",
  "published": "2026-07-28",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wtzp86rtsfws.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:22:54Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13733030",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-026-05485-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2707|Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of the extract of Ginkgo biloba L. on inflammatory response and mitochondrial dynamics in microglia in Alzheimer’s disease",
  "title_text": "Effects of the extract of Ginkgo biloba L. on inflammatory response and mitochondrial dynamics in microglia in Alzheimer’s disease",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:22:54Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wtzp86rtsfws",
  "venue": "BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies",
  "versions": []
}