{
  "abstract": "Background/objectives\n\nTuberculosis treatment outcomes are often dichotomized into heterogeneous composites that may obscure outcome-specific associations. We compared baseline characteristics across mutually exclusive out-comes-loss to follow-up (LTFU), death, and not evaluated/transferred versus documented cure-and examined the composite endpoints secondarily in a prospective cohort of adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis treated in Lima, Peru, in 2010-2011.Methods\n\nThe complete-case cohort included 1233 participants. The primary analysis used ridge-penalized multinomial logistic regression (lambda = 0.16); a mean bias-reduced multinomial model assessed sparse-data sensitivity.Results\n\nOverall, 1016 participants were cured, 127 experienced LTFU, 30 died, and 60 were not evaluated/transferred. Drug use was associated primarily with LTFU (aOR 4.15; 95% CI 2.55-6.75), whereas HIV-positive status showed the largest, although imprecisely estimated, association with death (aOR 32.12; 95% CI 8.95-115.33; six deaths among 22 HIV-positive participants). The bias-reduced estimate was similar (aOR 35.56; 95% CI 9.80-129.08). Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was associated with several non-cure categories; its association with the combined not evaluated/transferred category was largely driven by participants still in treatment at database closure. Composite endpoints changed the magnitude and interpretation of several associations and did not eliminate sparse outcome-exposure cells.Conclusions\n\nEndpoint definitions therefore materially shaped epidemiologic inference. Dis-aggregated outcomes should be reported alongside composite indicators, and findings from this historical cohort should not be interpreted as contemporary risk estimates for Lima.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Facultad de Medicina (FAMED), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Chachapoyas 01001, Amazonas, Peru."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jhosmer Ballena-Caicedo",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-7070-7434"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Namibia Jherly Cervera Vasquez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marcos Daniel García-Rodríguez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1957-5694"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jorge Alejandro Yumpo Ynga"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fiorella E Zuzunaga-Montoya"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wyajt2sw14eg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/idr18050108",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704616",
  "id": "5wyajt2sw14eg",
  "issns": [
    "2036-7430",
    "2036-7449"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930499",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214572573",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704616?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704616",
  "pmid": "42930499",
  "published": "2026-09-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wyajt2sw14eg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42930499",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930499"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "How Endpoint Definitions Shape Epidemiologic Inference on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis from Lima, Peru.",
  "title_text": "How Endpoint Definitions Shape Epidemiologic Inference on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis from Lima, Peru.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5wyajt2sw14eg",
  "venue": "Infectious disease reports",
  "versions": []
}