{
  "abstract": "Introduction: There are different coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) techniques, conventional (C-CABG), minimally invasive (MI-CABG), and robotic (R-CABG), each with its respective advantages and drawbacks. This study aimed to compare all three techniques and their nine sub-technique variations to provide a reference for the clinical selection of the most suitable surgical approach. Methods: A systematic search was applied to seven databases to find observational studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared outcomes between CABG techniques in patients. Critical appraisal of observational studies (Newcastle–Ottawa Scale) and RCTs (Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0) was performed. We used frequentist network meta-analysis to rank and analyze the pooled odds ratios and mean differences of each intervention. Primary outcomes were mortality and complete revascularization, while the rest were secondary outcomes. The protocol was registered with the ID CRD42023480325. Results: A total of 132 studies with 779,773 patients were included. All three techniques were associated with comparable revascularization rates. However, in the comparison of the nine sub-techniques port access (PA)-CABG was associated with a significantly higher rate compared to C-ONCAB. R-CABG demonstrated the most favorable outcomes in terms of ICU stay, overall hospital stay, mortality, and ventilation time compared to MI-CABG and C-CABG. Additionally, R-CABG was associated with lower rates of wound infection, cerebrovascular accident, and renal failure. Both R-CABG and MI-CABG were associated with lower rates of non-sinus rhythm compared to C-CABG. While MI-CABG was associated with the highest reoperation rate. Conclusion: R-CABG suggested promising outcomes over MI-CABG and C-CABG. However, as this exploratory NMA was predominantly based on observational data, these findings should be regarded as a hypothesis-generating framework for future research. Clinicians should interpret results cautiously, prioritizing patient-specific factors and institutional experience until higher-level evidence emerges.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia",
    "Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia",
    "Division of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cardiovascular Center, Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia",
    "Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado, Indonesia"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dudy Arman Hanafy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Theresia Feline Husen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ananda Pipphali Vidya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Diski Saisa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Derren David Christian Homenta Rempengan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Defin Allevia Yumnanisha"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ruth Angelica"
    },
    {
      "name": "Muhammad Fahd Abdurrahman"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5xha2h96dxwh2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360757",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5xha2h96dxwh2",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360757",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Clinical trials/Randomized controlled trials"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care facilities/Hospitals"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Nephrology/Renal failure"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drug research and development/Clinical trials/Randomized controlled trials"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Surgical and invasive medical procedures/Cardiovascular procedures/Coronary artery bypass grafting"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Surgical and invasive medical procedures/Cardiovascular procedures/Revascularization"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Statistics/Statistical methods/Metaanalysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Clinical trials/Randomized controlled trials"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Database and informatics methods/Database searching"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Mathematical and statistical techniques/Statistical methods/Metaanalysis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5xha2h96dxwh2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:20:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360757",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360757"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "plos:statistical methods",
      "subfield": "statistics"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:clinical trials",
      "subfield": "clinical-trials"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:surgical and invasive medical procedures",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical outcomes in various coronary artery bypass grafting techniques: A systematic review and network meta-analysis",
  "title_text": "Clinical outcomes in various coronary artery bypass grafting techniques: A systematic review and network meta-analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:20:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5xha2h96dxwh2",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}